What Is the Theory of Human Evolution and What Evidence Appears to Substantiate the Theory free essay sample

Evolution is defined as â€Å"any process of progressive change†; and the theory is complex life forms from our time have descended from earlier ones that existed long ago (Hunt, p. 29). The theory of evolution was first made popular by Charles Darwin an English Biologist, he spent a good amount of his time trying to find evidence to support his many ideas. It is believed that the human species has its origins in Africa. Scientists share the belief that a human like creature originated from the apes and over time, through many changes the final result was a group of hominids, they do however disagree on when and why the different characteristics begun begun to show themselves. It had been discovered that humans and the other primates do have some differences, for one humans have a larger brain, we walk on two legs, go through a longer periods childhood and juvenile life stages, we have the ability to speak and to form culture (Parker, p. We will write a custom essay sample on What Is the Theory of Human Evolution and What Evidence Appears to Substantiate the Theory? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ). Evolution occurs through a series of processes, including sexual reproduction and mutation, where some more desirable traits may be passed on to the next generation either by chance or natural selection. Natural selection played a major role in the understanding of evolution, it meant that individuals that have traits more favorable to adapting to its environment are more likely to survive and pass on those traits to their offspring. This led to the notion of â€Å"survival of the fittest†. The trait selected to move on showed up in the next generation and defines which direction evolution will take. Over time the theory of evolution has grown to include findings that were discovered from other scientists, between the 1970’s and 1990’s fossils were found, they had smaller brains, long arms, short legs and did not use stone tools and they were known as australopithecines. Also between 1992 and 2002 more fossils were dug up that predated the australopithecines, making scientist re-evaluate their earlier theories (Parker, p. 9). Our Ancestors Life is believed to have originated billions of years ago and over time organisms mutated and evolved into other more complex life forms. It is stated that humans came from earlier primates from about 65 to 70 million years ago. Humans are the only species (as a basic biological classification containing individuasl that resemble one another and may interbreed) of Homo sapiens who are still around today; the other two Homo habilis and Homo erectus are extinct. Below are the stages of human evolution and the order they came in. The LCA is a term used to represent our Last Common Ancestor with the apes, this group includes the Dryopithecus, they lived in Africa and were not typically a two-legged animal. (2)The Basal Hominins are some of the earliest fossils found and are dated seven to four million years ago. This class included the Sahelonthropus and the Orrorin tugenensis, they also lived in Africa and evidence was found that they might have stood upright. (3)Fossils dating 3. 5 to 2. 4 million years ago were found to be the Early Human Ancestors, they include the Australopithecus anamensin, Australopithecus Africanus. Garhi and Homo habilis they also lived in Africa and were discovered to have used simple stone tools. There were skeletal changes found in them which indicated that they walked on two legs. (4)Next we have the Middle Period Human Ancestors, they lived 1. 9 million to 300,000 years ago and included the Homo erectus and Homo ergaster, they made and used stone tools as well. This group left Africa for China, Georgia and Jara. They were found to have been larger, walking on two legs, and had a larger brain. 5)The Recent human Ancestors lived from 800,000 to 250,000 years ago; this group included the Homo antecessor and Homo neanderthalensis. Fossils of Homo sapiens were also found and dated about 160,000 years ago. This group also moved out of Africa and went to the Middle East, South East Asia and Europe. They had larger brain sizes and their cultural remains were similar to preliterate living humans. The term Human Ancestor is used to categorize all fossils dated between the split of ancestral African apes, to the earliest hominin and then to the modern humans. More up to date evidence suggests that the last common ape ancestor of the African apes and humans actually lived in Europe first and not in Africa; anthropologists found that no ape fossils existed in Africa before four million years. This means that their ancestors actually left Europe and went to Africa when the climate changes forced them to move. What is the Concept of Culture? Name Two Theoretical Perspectives and the Proponents of those theories. The term culture has many meanings to a lot of people, it is hard sometimes to determine what culture is there has been debates of what it really means. But culture is defined as being â€Å"the total pattern of human behavior and its products, embodied in thought, speech, action and artifacts† (Hunt, p. 68). It is a way of life for many, It’s how we think, and do things that is passed down from the parents to their children, and so on, some might also say that it is having an education, having better knowledge og the finer things of society this they may term as being cultured. Edward Tylor an anthropologist says that culture is complex and includes knowledge, belief, art, law and habits acquired by man as a member of society. His definition of culture highlights says that it is a product of people living together and learning from each other while committing them to memory and passing them on (Parker, p. 2). We acquire knowledge, religion, skills, and morals from our environment, and we get them through socialization, which then shape our personalities, allowing us to fit in properly in our different societies. Just about everything in our lives we learn from listening to others, and reading about the experiences of others. Cultural Evolution Cultural evolution describes the establishment and growth of culture. Anthropologists of the 19th century who studied culture wanted to develop a â€Å"science of culture† that could include the universal laws of human nature. During their revisions they established some rules (1) Cultures all over the world developed progressively over time, (2) that cultural progress took place from simple to complex forms, and (3) that cultural evolution led to the growth of civilization. It was also said that in cultural advancement all cultures went through the same stages as evolution, and the reason for the differences in cultures was on account of the different stages they were in at the time, because the rate of evolution was different for everyone with some slow at times and fast at others. Edward Tylor believed in â€Å"the psychic unity of man† and he thought that all cultures are capable of progression because of this. Tylor also came up with the comparative method that defined the notion of survival as a process, customs, and opinions which are carried on by force. Diffusionism Diffusionism was an attempt to understand how the traits of culture came about and how they spread from one society to another, it is defined as the spread of a cultural detail from its source to other places. One version is called heliocentric diffusion, it is the believed that all cultures originate from just one, another culture circles is that there was once a very limited number of cultures that the many we have today came from, last every society was influenced by other and the process of diffusion is contingent and arbitrary. In the 19th century two different notions presented themselves, one was again the â€Å"psychic unity of mankind† which states that all humans have similar psychological traits that make them equally likely to transform. But evolutionists believed that growth in culture was constant or caused by outside variables, this caused many to say that developments occurred independently of each other and that diffusion had nothing to do with cultural development. In the 20th century Acculturation even though its roots are set it diffusionism began to overshadow it. Acculturation is the process of organized cultural change of a certain society carried out by someone of a more dominant one, the change happens because the two are in direct contact with each other, and those of the less dominant society are exposed to the language and practices of the other and are then assimilated into that society. According to Milton Gordon assimilation has three stages that a person has to go through. (1) Behavioral assimilation, (2) structural assimilation and (3) marital assimilation which is the coming together of people of the lesser society with those of the dominant one.

The School of Athens essays

The School of Athens essays Raphaels School of Athens is considered by many modern art historians to be the absolute masterpiece of the Renaissance. It is the perfect pictorial counterpart to the enormous changes in thinking that came about in the 1300s as a result of economic and technological developments. Its rational perspective and secular subject matter embody the rediscovery of ancient Greek and Roman culture. The new emphasis on individual thought and expression is also evident in the paintings focus on reason. The Renaissance, which modern scholars place between 1300 and 1600, marks a period of rapid growth and development in Western Europe. In the late Middle Ages, population growth and contact with other cultures through military efforts, such as the Crusades, brought about a revival of commercial trade. Italian merchants began to exchange luxury goods and other commodities, such as fish, furs, and metals, in the Mediterranean and across the North and Baltic seas. Towns began to grow and prosper along the major trade routes, and by the late 1300s, these towns became important and wealthy commercial centers. Towns like Florence, Venice, Milan, and Genoa developed into prosperous city-states that became the centers of thought and culture in the Renaissance. Trade allowed Italians to experience the world beyond their city limits and created an environment that was more open to new ideas and to innovation and experimentation. This exchange of ideas set the stage for the monumental cha nges in artistic, social, scientific, and political thought that came about during the Renaissance. The word renaissance literally means rebirth. The idea of rebirth refers to a revival of interest in ancient Greek and Roman culture. During the Middle Ages, people had been guided by the teachings of the church and were mainly concerned with actions that would lead them to heavenly rewards. Since books were ha...

Interprofessional Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Interprofessional Education - Essay Example This paper says that the key to successful communication in this interaction hinges on the anesthesiologist’s decision to treat the patient as another person to knock out for a predetermined period of time, or someone toward which to show concern. While the anesthesiologist may be thinking about an argument with her husband that morning, or about a school conference for her child right after this consultation, or her dinner plans, the patient is focused on one thing: the dangers of surgery. This essay makes a conclusion that this successful patient has benefited from the surgical skills of a highly talented practitioner. However, the surgeon is not the only one who deserves credit for this medical success story. For many patients, restrictive surgery to correct obesity is just another step in a long, harrowing, humiliating journey that has lasted almost all of their lives. The first nurse who welcomed them and performed the initial screening may well have been the person who gave the patient the comfort level to go ahead with the procedure. The anesthesiologist had the responsibility of making sure the patient was both safe and comfortable during the operation. The nutritionist who met with the patient after the surgery to go over healthy diet and regimen also contributed to the patient’s recovery. The physical therapist who helped the patient get up out of bed in those early days after the surgery and who helped her find her balance and be able to return to work is also part of the story.

Energy Conservation Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Energy Conservation - Lab Report Example The output graph 2 for kinetic energy and potential energy vs time is attached herein, for oscillating mass on a spring. The graph is in such way that the curve for potential energy and kinetic energy intersect each other at a particular point, which is consistent. The point at which the two are the same for all the data is 0.5, which is the arbitrary reference level used to measure the y coordinate. Further, it is also worth noting from the graph that at the point where kinetic energy is maximum, the potential energy is found to be at its minimum. There are few uncertainties, as shown by the number of outliers, leading to the conclusion that the experiment was accurate. Part 1 shows that there is conservation of energy in swinging pendulum. This is confirmed by the graph which indicates that at the point when potential energy is highest, the kinetic energy becomes zero. This is an indication that at this point, for the swinging pendulum, all the kinetic energy is converted to potential energy. At the lowest point of the swing, the potential energy is zero while the kinetic energy is at its highest (Teodorescu 11). This also applies to part 2, indicating that there is energy conservation in an oscillating mass on a spring. When the spring is fully stretched, the change in potential energy becomes highest because of increase in length while the kinetic energy remains at zero. In which case, when the y is increased, the kinetic energy reduces to zero while the potential energy rise to maximum. To confirm energy conservation, computing mechanical energy for these systems at various points indicated that the answer remained constant for the various data . Further, for the shot basketball, in part 3, the experiment was successful in confirming the energy conservation witnessed by a basketball. The conservation was confirmed when the ball was dropped from a certain height and bounced back to that similar height. However,

System Analysis and Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

System Analysis and Design - Essay Example Another major recognition I have had related to system analysis and design is the relation of systematic inputs and their workplace functionality. Indeed, Alter (2006, p. 1) indicated that one of the primary challenges of system analysis and design is ineffective design of inputs within the system. Dick & Carey (2009) indicated that the single most important factor of whether a systematic training input will be incorporated into the workplace environment is the context of that workplace. Many times in my past experience I have received training in an element that was later not directly relevant or supported in the workplace environment. Upon entering the workplace environment this systematic component was then disregarded because of ineffective structures. Ultimately, then I recognize that one of the most essential elements of systems and systematic design is ensuring that each of the components operate together in a functional and mechanistic way. While there are not customers in the traditional sense, there are similar components. In this way there are students achieving and receiving the learning. There are parents interested in their children’s education. There are administrators and state education board members interested in ensuring the education provided reflects well on their professional competency. Finally, there are business organizations concerned with ensuring that there is an educated workforce to choose from. The products and service are course specific. In terms of a mathematics classroom it is important that students learn algebraic functions, geometry, and potentially calculus. Additionally, they gain critical thinking and problem solving abilities. In this way the products and services are the education that is provided for the students. This information is a value entity as it can potentially be exchanged by the student for career advancement or

Was Louis Riel Guilty Of Treason

Was Louis Riel Guilty Of Treason I believe that Louis Riel is guilty of treason. Riel, Louis Riel has been called many names, he has been called a Prophet, a Statesman, a scoundrel, a hero, a madman, a visionary, a hero, but Louis Riel is best described a traitor, he has betrayed Canada in many ways. If passed, Bill C-417 will reverse Riels conviction for high treason. Riel ordered a man named Thomas Scott to be killed and organized a rebellion that caused the loss of dozens of lives, in order to become a territorial leader. Indeed Riel spent most of his adult life in Canada, the United States, seeking political intrigue. Eventually he was executed for his many crimes and the endless turmoil he caused with the Canadian government. That sentence may appear harsh today, but it was no harsher than Scotts execution or the dozens lost in the Riel rebellion: life itself was hard then. The punishment was meted out accordingly, and believed to be very fair at the time. Even though Louis Riel did not want Bloodshed and stay ed away from rebelling against the government for most of his adult life he did not keep it that way so Louis Riel is indeed still guilty of treason. This is true because Louis Riel started rebellions, and was responsible for levying war against the Canadian government which is treason. Louis Riel also fled to the U.S and conspired with the president to start war with the government which is also treason. Louis Riel is guilty in many ways of treason. Riel did not touch a gun and did not kill anyone but he is responsible for the dozens of lives lost in the Riel rebellion and for the execution of Thomas Scott. After all did he not court Marshall Scott and from his peoples vote, 2 only 2 of the seven could do what Riel could not, only 2 of Riels people had the courage to raise their hands, and denounce the Scott execution cold blooded murder. Scott wasnt guilty of treason for two reasons one, he had no government to be treasonous against, and never in the criminal code does it say do not be racist to your government. It does say form an intention to start war with the government, or use force to overthrow the government, Scott was innocent and Riel should have known it, and it is not the killing of Thomas Scott which made Riel guilty it is what that lead to which was rebellions, a provisional government, and many other acts of the crime treason. Save our country from this wicked government by taking arms if necessary Louis Riel. According to the criminal code of Canada paragraph 46 section 1 a through 2c treason is someone who a) uses force or violence for the purpose of overthrowing the government of Canada or a province. The North West Rebellion is a perfect example of this, ¦ Riel formed a provisional government at Batoche in order to wring concessions from Ottawa by force, if necessary does this sound like a man who cares for his government, or a man that will use his government to get what he wants. One week later, the Mà ©tis clashed with the North-West Mounted Police on Beardys Reserve near Duck Lake, by this attack from the Metis people led by none other than Louis Riel, and in section 46 2b on the criminal code of Canada it says levies war against Canada or does any act preparatory thereto- by acting and rebelling though it was only few Mounties it is still part of the Canadian government, and by god it was the very first step on Louis road of rebellion on the Canadian government, so by rebelling they are levying some sort of war on Canada which is a form of treason, isnt it. Riel decided to make his stand at Batoche, a strategy that ultimately sealed the fate of the Mà ©tis and lost any chance of prolonging the conflict- the stand Louis riel is taking a stand to overthrow the Canadian government therefore committing treason, and he is in every way guilty of treason. The North-West Field Force, momentarily stunned by an ambush at Fish Creek in late April 1885, swooped downed on Batoche on May 9 and easily overran the defenders three days later. The next six weeks were largely anticlimactic, as Indian leaders and their followers who had been implicated in the troubles surrendered to Canadian authorities. another section says that You shall not start (Riel was the leader so he started it) or assist armed forces (Metis using Nails, Stones Sticks, cannons guns) against whom Canadian Forces are engaged in hostilities (Riel + Metis), whether or not a state of war exists betwee n Canada and the country whose forces they are. The Metis and Riel are doing this they are starting war, and convincing others to join which is also an act of treason so Time travelling back to the Riel era and undoing Riels hanging through simple historical revisionism implies that someone else should pay the price for killing riel, now innocent. In other words, it calls our entire justice system into question, and too be fair and just, if you pardon Riel you must pardon, everyone else who has been charged with treason, and take a look at them, and by doing this it is implying we can get away with rebelling against our government, in the way Riel did. Maybe at first Louis Riels Provisional Government was used to protect the Metis and maybe because the term provisional means temporary and it was only used so the Metis could negotiate with the Canadian government to become a part of Canada but it was later an excuse to rebel against the Canadian government. At a meeting inside of a church in Batoche after a priest  which had told the Metis people Riel that I refuse to give the sacrament to anyone who participates in a rebellion against the Canadian government Riels reaction was assaulting the priest and holding a meeting, at that very meeting Riel uttered this quote I propose we set up a provisional government and take up arms to defend our right to do so! By saying this Riel is saying that hell use his government which was legal and use it to commit illegal crime treason by taking up arms and fighting for their rights and possibly overthrow three governments, and all three of those points are against the Canadian criminal code. So after this meeting occurred it was all downhill and became from harmless to harmful and treason. So by saying this is levying war against Canada and conspiring with the Metis to take up arms against the Canadian government, which both are Treason. Bill C-417 should not be passed because Mr. Riel does not deserve a second chance to live and be a hero, he was given chances and he blew them. Throughout his life Riel had formed a provisional government, started many rebellions, killed innocent men, and had fled to the U.S. When he murdered Thomas Scott, he was in trouble and he done wrong and he knew it, and he wasnt ready to be accountable for his actions so he fled to the U.S, if he knew it was the right thing to do and felt accountable for his actions he would have stayed in Canada and fought for his cause. Does this sound like a strong leader? Is this a leader who would stand up and never abandon his people? No it sounds like a traitor to his government and his people, only a guilty man would leave his own country and have the nerve to come back start rebellions, and run for a spot in parliament. The main reason why people think he is a hero is because he fought for the rights of his people and stand up for them, and by fleein g his people he did not stand up for them but he sat down. Yes throughout Riels earlier years he tried to avoid bloodshed and he did, he avoided fighting against the government, for a long time Riel had avoided killing anyone to avoid bloodshed but later in his life he started a rebellion with a man named Gabriel Dumont who was for bloodshed, and Dumont had been accountable for many Canadian deaths but lets not forget Dumonts leader and the one who organized the rebellions Riel. Louis Riel was one hundred per cent responsible for Dumont and his actions thus responsible for the blood shed he caused. Riel shouldve known Dumont was the man who wouldnt hesitate at chance to battle or capture, a person who was part of the Canadian Government I mean in a football game isnt it the quarterbacks job to call the plays and lead his team, so in the football game of The Metis vs. the Canadian Government Riel was the Quarter back and therefore responsible for the work of his defense man Dumont. Riel was there when Dumont was talking about ambushes, guerri lla style tactics, etc. Riel knew what Dumont wanted and went along with it, so Dumonts Bloodshed is also Louis bloodshed. I mean Riel couldve stopped him, yet when Riel sent him over to Mitchells store near Duck Lake to raid it, Gabriel couldnt resist starting battle; Mr. Riel knew Dumont was a violent man, toward the Canadian Government but still Riel sent Dumont out to a place near, where Mounties were located. By not giving Dumont his follower instructions not to start battle Riel is responsible for Dumonts Bloodshed and his treasonous acts against the Canadian Government, and by being responsible for others treason he is guilty of his own treason. We intend to fight for our freedom as a separate state from Canada In 1875 Mr. Riel was expelled from Canada for 5 years to the U.S and in these 5 years without the authorization of the Canadian government Riel went to acting U.S president Ulysses S. Grant to ask for money and protection. According to the criminal code of Canada without lawful authority can a person conspire with another person or ought to do something for a purpose prejudicial to the safety and defense of Canada. By going to Ulysses S. Grant Riel and asking him for money and protection he is preforming a treasonous act. At this same meeting Riel also says that I am convinced that I could raise a military force sufficient enough to compel the Canadian government to reconsider its relationship with the North West by saying this he is discussing his plan to raise a military force and levy war against Canada which is also part of treason. So by fleeing Canada to go to the President and discussing Riels plan to attack the Canadian government is treason in to ways, and then acting on the se plans in the North West resistance is completely treasonous. How could an insane person lead 700 people into a rebellion unless they were all insane? Louis may have been a traitor and a scoundrel but one thing that is true is he is very honest. At his trial Louis was a truthful man and would not plead insane because he was considerate as well. In fact President John A. Macdonald said because there was doubt about Riels sanity, I delayed the execution until November 16th and had him examined by three doctors. They all agreed that hes not crazy. Three doctors examined one man, he was said to be diagnosed with megalomania, and megalomania is Delusional belief of superiority, Delusions of greatness, Delusions about ones own power Delusions about ones own importance. Louis Riel envisioned himself as a prophet, according to the dictionary; a prophet is a man who speaks for god or a deity, or by divine inspiration or a person who practices divination. Riel saw himself as a prophet of God not a person that is superior, great or is any more important than anybody else on Gods green earth. So not one, not two but the three doctors are right , Riel in no way has any symptoms of megalomania; he does not see himself as great. Louis could not be insane anyway, instead of staying nice and safe in Montana, Riel gave up his safety for the Metis. During his trial, Riels lawyer thought the only way to get Riel out of this mess was for him to plead insanity, it was his lawyers decision to make him insane, he himself knowing he would be executed, Riel still did not agree, only a proud sane man would die to say he was just a sane leader. Riel is right how could an insane person lead 700 people into a rebellion unless they were all insane? If Louis Riel had not been apparently diagnosed with the single diagnosis of megalomania According to http://mwolk.com/blog/definition-of-insanity/ in general an insane person is a person who is not at all afraid of doing anything which might lead to drastic problems for him/her in the future, near the beginning of the Riel era  Riel had asked his men to stop the bloodshed and be loyal to the Q ueen, so even though he started rebellions and broke many laws mostly TREASON, Riel did try to avoid things that would be dreadful to himself and the Metis. So Riel was not insane and therefore was right to be punished for the treason he caused in the rebellions, and the turmoil he gave to the government. Riel didnt Father Confederation; he fought those who did. In comparison with the constructive minds of his generation, Riel was an anomaly. Since he was certainly not a hero to everyone, in no case should we commemorate his misdeeds by erecting a statue of him on Parliament Hill. That would be an insult to the memory of the soldiers who fought and died fighting Riels army and defending the cherished rights we associate with that same Parliament Hill. No person advocating or engaging in armed rebellion against Canadas democratic processes should be so honoured. To do so would be to elevate anarchy and civil disobedience to statesmanship. In short, Riel did not have the full support of his people, let alone Ruperts Land that he needed to create his own territory. Instead, he used arms and force, those ancient non-democratic methods, resulting in death and terror. He was accordingly confronted by force for his crimes, lost and hung. So by revising History, you are not condemning Louis R iel you are condemning Canada, he fought against those who made Canada, and for that alone, for being a bump on the road of what Canada is today, Louis Riel Deserved the death of hangings and more, in the end Louis Riel broke every part of the Criminal Code subsection Treason and high treason  [v]  except for causing bodily harm to her Majesty. In final conclusion to make Louis Riel innocent is making our government guilty and they did not break any single law in Riels lifetime so Riel is indeed guilty of treason.

Luncheon At The Morning Glory Cafe :: Personal Narrative Technology Essays

Luncheon At The Morning Glory Cafe After I was given an assignment to research any issue involving the digital media, I began to investigate the controversy about whether copying and downloading information or music off the Internet was legal; and if it was not legal, what are the current regulations. The paper begins with a story that stages a meeting of all the researchers who had previously never met before. The purpose of the story is to familiarize the reader with the information. The next portion of the paper is analyzing the sources, with the last section discussing how I felt after the research and why. The Morning Glory Cafà © would be open soon. I slipped on my sandals and grabbed my keys. Soon I was cruising down the road in my yellow Beetle, singing at the top of my lungs to the Dixie Chicks. I had plans to meet some very important people at the cafe for lunch and I was speeding off to meet them. Working for the online periodical eCheck allowed me to meet interesting people and go to exciting places. Today I was not going anywhere out of the ordinary, just the coffee house I frequently visit. However, I would be meeting five authors there who had each done extensive research on the digital issues computers. ECheck publishes articles about those issues that affect today’s society and the people influenced by them. I had been assigned the issue of copyright laws and the legality of downloading music. The information I would receive today would be first hand knowledge, excellent for my article. I couldn’t be more excited about this opportunity. Upon my arrival, I realized that I was not the last to show. Eric Boehlert strolled in moments behind me, appearing as though he had just rolled out of bed. His dark hair was tousled; his shirt wrinkled and not tucked in. He was laid back and smart, but from what I had heard, he was also absent minded. Despite his forgetfulness, Eric is an excellent writer for Salon, the online periodical he works for. Salon writes about every subject from politics to art and music. He has good insight into the world of controversial ideas, bringing out points that were not usually expanded upon.

Intercultural Communication in the Workplace Essay

Good morning, dobry den, dobry den, Guten Tag, bonjour, buenos dias, these are examples of my native Slovak and five other languages that I can partly understand and speak. I used to think this was a significant number, but I found that there were approximately 4000 languages spoken in the world. It is obvious that we could spend the whole life studying foreign languages and never master all of them. So how do we overcome this barrier? The next part will give a complete summary of the possible solutions according to three authors and will also include my own reflections. The most comprehensive approach to the topic can be found in the book titled â€Å"Intercultural communication in the global workplace† by Linda Beamer and Iris Varner. Linda Beamer is a full professor in the Department of Marketing at California State University, Los Angeles where she teaches marketing courses as well as business communication, intercultural communication and many others. Iris Varner is a professor in the Department of Management and Quantitative Methods, College of Business at Illinois State University, where she teaches the cultural environment of international business. Varner is the author of numerous articles in the area of intercultural managerial communication, and she is also president of the Association for Business Communication. The whole chapter in the book is dedicated to the role of language in the intercultural communication. They believe that language and culture are shaping each other and are intertwined. They show that identical words can have different meanings in different cultures. â€Å"Both the French and the Americans use the word force majeure, but the phrase carries very different meanings. Literally the term means superior or irresistible force. In U. S. legal language, the term refers generally to forces of nature or possible war. The implications are that the terms of a contract may be changed because the risk was not allocated in either the expressed or implied terms of the contract. In European law the term has a broader meaning. It also includes changes in the economic conditions or other circumstances that were not reasonably anticipated when the contract was drawn up. The implication is that when Americans make agreements with Europeans that include discussions of unforeseen circumstances and use the term force majeure, they need to clarify what they mean and spell out what that term covers† (Beamer, Varner, 2008, para. 6). According to Beamer and Varner following points may help in communicating with non-native speakers: Enunciate, speak slowly, avoid slang and colloquialism, be careful about jokes, be sincere, be culturally sensitive, and keep a sense of humor (Beamer, Varner, 2008)Speaking clearly and slowly is helpful. Avoiding slang is necessary because unless the speaker has lived in the country for a long time, there is small chance that he or she will understand. The problem with jokes is that they do not translate well and if they have to be accompanied by lengthy explanations, they usually lose their funniness. Being sincere, culturally sensitive, and keeping sense of humor also affects communication in the positive way. On the other hand, I personally prefer new phenomenon called â€Å"World English† that is described in the work of two authors. According to Smith, â€Å"The geographical spread of English is unique among the languages of the world, throughout history. Countries using English as either a first or a second language are located on all five continents, and the total population of these countries amounts to about 49% of the world’s population† (Smith, 2006). He recognizes six types of World English: US English, Canadian English, Australian, New Zealand English, South African English, Indian English, and West Indian English (Smith, 2006).

Bamana Ci-Wara Headdress

Before visiting the museum, my teacher in African History class taught us the basic concept about Chi-ware. According to Professor Russ, there are three types of masks associated with Chi-ware namely; the vertical style which represents the East, the horizontal style which represents the West, and the composite style which represent the South. An addition, Chi-ware can be male or female. Notably, a female Chi-ware mask can be noticed by the presence of a baby antelope and straight horns on it. On the other hand, male Chi-ware mask is recognized by bent horns and a phallus.Moreover, a Chi-ware mask is used in the initiation in the society as it is used in agriculture and as costume in dancing. Furthermore, the mask is used to teach young Bamana men for social values and agricultural techniques . On the day we visited the gallery of Spurlock Museum: Africa section: Champion Cultivators of the Land, I discovered that I missed a lot of information. In the museum, there were various masks , paintings, sculptures, and pots. The specific sculpture of Bamana Chi-Wara Headdress called my attention. The sculpture was also labelled Mali or Guinea, ca.19th-20th c. Wood pigment; it is Gift of Drs. Albert V. and Marguerite Carozzi. 1990. 10. 0014. Sinificantly, in Bamana society, the term Chi-ware, pronounced as â€Å"Chee wah-rah† indicates a man who is champion cultivator and the social organization through which he attains that distinction. Upon examining at the sculpture of Chi-ware, I noticed that the size was bigger that what I expected. The size was approximately 50cm x 30cm. According to our professor, Mr. Rush, a Chi-ware can be easily recognized whether it is a male or female.However, it was quite a difficulty for me. But them, I looked closely at the Chi-ware and fugured that it is a male one because it has no baby back on the body. Moreover, the Chi-ware looked like a Roan Antelope with an almost human face attached. The bottom the body is also elongated an d short legged which represents the aardvark. Furthermore, Bamana is carved with texture and is polished smoothly with palm oils. I learned more about Ch-i-ware in didactic label. In didactic label, Ci-wara is said to be a mythical being, half man and half animal, and the son of Muso Koroni.Meanwhile, Muso Koroni is the mother of all living things and the matron of agriculture. After teaching humans to farm, Ci-Wara became offended at their laziness. So, he dug a hole with his great claws and buried himself. According to the myth, men carved a mask in the memory of Chi-ware and used it as a trophy in farming contests to encourage the young and able-bodied men to exert greater efforts in farming. Eventually, Chi-ware then became the name of the Banana masquerade society devoted to the development of manhood and social responsibility.More importantly, Chi-ware was said to be the mother of tall living things and matron agriculture. The didactic explanation about Chi-ware led me realize that a Chi-ware headdress is used i honoring the mythical antelope that introduced and brought agriculture to the Bamana people of Mali. But I consider interesting the part of the story where Chi-wara was offended at people’s laziness and dug a hole where he buried himself. To sum up, the visit to the Spurlock Museum: Africa section: Champion Cultivators of the Land is fun. It is so because it was my very first time to personally encounter a Chi-ware.In addition, I was so happy that I had acttually seen what was discussed to us in class about Chi-ware. Moreover, I learned more anout the hidden story about Chi-ware and its importance in the present day. Today, the people wear the Chi-ware when they dance as a symbol of hope for a greater crop for the year. Although Chi-ware has been considered merely as a mask, the Mali people consider it as a valuable thing as they use it when they pray and celebrate. Thus, the visit to the museum is not only interesting but also educational .

Free Essays on The Harlem Renaissance And Black Theatre

Introduction Beginning in the early 1900’s, African-American literature, art, music, drama and social commentary began to flourish in Harlem. The period that is commonly referred to today as the Harlem Renaissance is generally agreed to span from the end of World War I through the middle of the1930’s depression. Originally called the â€Å"New Negro Movement†, the black cultural production of the period was not solely located in Harlem, the celebration of African-American Heritage spread across the nation, encouraging a talented pool of African-American artists, and activists. During this same period, leading up to the 1930’s, black musical theater was one of the few ways to be successful and upwardly mobile in a white society. The route to success in show business for blacks during this period was almost exclusively through black musical theatre. With the debut of Shuffle Along during the early period of the Harlem Renaissance, the face of black theatre was forever changed. Numerous pioneers (that are often forgotten) paved the theatrical road to the Harlem Renaissance. From A Trip to Coontown to Harlem’s Lafayette Theatre, â€Å"†¦black performed play, an oddity in the nineteenth century, became the rage in the early twentieth.† The Early Period 1998-1910 In 1987 Bob Cole and Billy Johnson, with their years of experience on the minstrel and vaudeville circuit, left the group they were touring with to put together their own production. In April of 1898, A Trip to Coontown opened in New York making its debut as the first full-length musical play written and produced by blacks, even if it was slightly off Broadway. A Trip to Coontown was indeed popular, but it ran only briefly on the stage. Coontown, though groundbreaking, was unsophisticated entertainment that did not differ much from a minstrel show. The play was not innovative in it’s content and style, however A Trip to Coontown proved that there was ind... Free Essays on The Harlem Renaissance And Black Theatre Free Essays on The Harlem Renaissance And Black Theatre Introduction Beginning in the early 1900’s, African-American literature, art, music, drama and social commentary began to flourish in Harlem. The period that is commonly referred to today as the Harlem Renaissance is generally agreed to span from the end of World War I through the middle of the1930’s depression. Originally called the â€Å"New Negro Movement†, the black cultural production of the period was not solely located in Harlem, the celebration of African-American Heritage spread across the nation, encouraging a talented pool of African-American artists, and activists. During this same period, leading up to the 1930’s, black musical theater was one of the few ways to be successful and upwardly mobile in a white society. The route to success in show business for blacks during this period was almost exclusively through black musical theatre. With the debut of Shuffle Along during the early period of the Harlem Renaissance, the face of black theatre was forever changed. Numerous pioneers (that are often forgotten) paved the theatrical road to the Harlem Renaissance. From A Trip to Coontown to Harlem’s Lafayette Theatre, â€Å"†¦black performed play, an oddity in the nineteenth century, became the rage in the early twentieth.† The Early Period 1998-1910 In 1987 Bob Cole and Billy Johnson, with their years of experience on the minstrel and vaudeville circuit, left the group they were touring with to put together their own production. In April of 1898, A Trip to Coontown opened in New York making its debut as the first full-length musical play written and produced by blacks, even if it was slightly off Broadway. A Trip to Coontown was indeed popular, but it ran only briefly on the stage. Coontown, though groundbreaking, was unsophisticated entertainment that did not differ much from a minstrel show. The play was not innovative in it’s content and style, however A Trip to Coontown proved that there was ind...

Global Health Issue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Global Health Issue - Essay Example Since its foundation in 1948, it has developed into the largest healthcare system in the world which is funded through the public money. It is also considered as one of the most efficient and comprehensive healthcare systems in the world. (Gillies, 2003) NHS, with primary responsibility to administer healthcare in the country, however, works through the collaboration of different smaller organizations which contribute towards the overall achievement of healthcare. However, despite controlling most of the country’s healthcare system, there are also private sector providers of healthcare which offers important healthcare delivery services which are separate from NHS and are primarily funded through private contributions or through insurance. This paper will explore and study the healthcare system of England and will attempt to answer the question of how the healthcare is primarily delivered, how it is funded, how the care is delivered to chronically ill patients, patients who are dying and the selection criteria for patients for certain procedures. England has started to revamp its healthcare system since 2013 and new changes are being put in place to further rationalize and improve the healthcare system within the country. With the new changes, the roles have been redefined however, the primary healthcare delivery is still in the hands of National Health Service or NHS as it is called in the country. The overall healthcare services are delivered in England through the hospitals running under the management of NHS. Apart from the hospitals, there are smaller clinics which are located at various places within the country to offer easy and accessible GP services to the patients and mostly cater to the needs of the patients working as Outpatient Clinics. (Department of Health, 2014) Private clinics and certain other prescription services are also in place catering to the various needs of the patients. Such delivery services are offered either through the

Business Report for Radisson Hotels and Resorts Case Study

Business Report for Radisson Hotels and Resorts - Case Study Example Additionally, Carlson and SAS (Scandinavian Airlines System) are equity holders of the Rezidor Hotel Group (Forbes); thus giving the name "Radisson SAS" outside the United States(Forbes). Moreover, it has established partner networks with more than 20 worldwide airline programs (Radisson SAS) as well as with major financial companies such as American Express, Diners Club, Discover Visa and Mastercard to provide their customers with special offers and promotions (Radisson SAS). Its vision is: "We want to be the most admired company in London and in Manchester"(Radisson Edwardian), while its mission is to provide 100% guest satisfaction (customers are able to report to the company if any dissatisfaction occurs and Radisson will take corrective action or guests are not required to pay that particular service), 100% employment engagement (i.e. full staff empowerment) as well as acquiring a positive cash flow (by keeping every customers and employees satisfied) (Radisson Edwardian). The hotel industry is facing many established competition, such as Four Seasons, Hyatt, Ritz Carlton, Le Meridien, Marriot, etc. Thus to make itself outstanding and unique, providing quality service is a strategic action. Radisson's service guarantee statement should include a promise of providing only the best service, experienced and skilled employees to ensure customer satisfaction. If the company does not fulfill its commitment, hence the business promises to repay for its mistake. It should make it acknowledged by stating it in its business plan, code of conduct, in all of its hotels (in all rooms, at the lobby, etc.), in employee's and franchisee's contract as well as in its media, website, catalogues, brochures, email newsletters, etc; to make all of its employees, customers, franchisees aware of its commitment. Technological advancements have been developing very fast in recent years. Radisson should make use of this enhancement. The business could place a customer survey questionnaire at its website or send them via email. This action will allow the company to analyze and evaluate its customer opinion around the world and thus Radisson will be able to take corrective action to ensure that its commitment of providing 'customer satisfaction' is fulfilled. By having the internet available, the communication process between the company and its customers is enhanced; customers are able to contact Radisson and receive replies from the company more rapidly. This system reduces the possibility of not responding to certain customers and also reduces time delays. In order to guarantee employee and customer satisfaction, monitoring is essential. This can be done by undertaking performance appraisals, where employees fill out a form regarding their performance as well as complaints; with this the company is not only able to know its employees' dissatisfaction but how it has affected its performance. Feedback from performance appraisals will provide information for planning in training, recruitment, selection, development, rewards and separation. Radisson should also perform a grievance procedure (2-way communication system), where employees are able to communicate their complaints and employers are able to reprimand staff for conducting unsatisfactorily performance. The 2-way communication system enables an equality of power, a better relationship