Friday, May 31, 2019

Woodstock 1969 Essay -- essays research papers

The Woodstock of 1969 was a revolution in itself and responsible for redefining the point of view, respect, and attitude of the so-called "counter-cultured" youth of the late sixties. The attendants of the festival were youths from virtually the United States in ages ranging from 17 to 26. The overall mood of the festival was very relaxed and happy. Although there was a minimal amount of violence at Woodstock, there were financial problems, drugs, nudity, and traffic jams that seemed to go for miles down the old country roads surrounding Max Yasgurs dairy farm. Woodstock was a symbol of the rebellious society of the time. The youths that went were looking to wall socket out frustrations that their parents had forced upon them. For most youths, the "3 Days of Peace, Love, and Music" seemed to be just the place to balance their thoughts, relax with friends, and meet new plenty that hate their parents as much as they did. Two-hundred thousand people were expected t o show for the Woodstock festival, and instead an overwhelming "400,000 youngsters turned up to hear big-name bands play in a field near the village of Bethel, raw(a) York state in what has become the largest rock concert of the decade".     The attendents and the mood of the Woodstock festival in Bethel, New York was that of the counter-cultered young society of the late sixties. Max Yasgurs farm was transformed from a beautiful lush, green dairy farm field into a 400,000- person mudpit. throughout the long time of the festival, the attendants were "undaunted by rain, mud, wet clothes and chilly mountain breezes, thousands of youths sat on a rural hillside here for a marathon 19-hour session of folk-rock music". Drugs had also become increasingly more popular in the sixties, and Woodstock was no exception to the latest trend. Drugs were readily available and generously passed around through the crowds of youths all over the hillside. But the drugs werent the reason that people generally attended the Woodstock festival. Most would agree with a man interviewed five miles away from his vehicle walk towards the festival in saying that " But its more than that. Im here for the same reason that Indians used to have tribal gatherings. Just being here with people like me makes it all worthwhile... ...ting with a lot of room, grass, trees, lakes. It was going to be a youth cultural exposition and that is where the culture of this generation expresses itself more naturally".      Woodstock 69 has remained the exposure of the sixties. After a "mind-blowing rendition of the national anthem, the hillside was cleared for the first time in nearly four days of the hordes of youths who came here for three days of music, companionship, and, in many cases, drugs". "Mr. Yasgur is gone, as is the farm. The meadow is green again, and very peaceful. Someone has built a small monument...commemorating the event, listing performers and dates". Today there are unsounded people who believe in the philosophy of peace, love, and hapiness. They still have the hope that one day the government will "take the backseat" to an overcrowded music festival. A officeholder after the music festival said what only can be imagined now-a-days, that those kids "have proven something to the world... that half a million kids can get unneurotic for fun and music and have nothing but fun and music."     

Thursday, May 30, 2019

Capital Punishment: Is It Right or Wrong? :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Capital Punishment is a controversial topic discussed in todays society. Capital punishment is often non as harsh in other countries as we may call harsh in our country. There is a heated debate on whether states should be able to kill other humans or not. But if we shall consider that other countries often make up more deadly death penalties than we do. People that argon in favor of the death penalisation say that it saves money by not paying for housing in a maximum prison only what about our smaller countries that abide by the rule of the capital punishment. If one were to look at the issues behind capital punishment in an anthropological likely than one would see that in some cases no one would assume that capital punishment here in the U.S. is bad. Now those opposed say that it is against the constitution, and is fell and unique punishment for humans to be put to his or her death. I believe that the death penalty is against the constitution and is cruel and unusual punish ment. The death penalty is cruel because you cannot punish anyone worse than by killing them. It is an unusual punishment because it does not happen very often and it should not happen at all. Therefore, I think that capital punishment should be abolished, everywhere.I understand that capital punishment is the death penalty, and has been legitimate in most states for many years and has been legal around the world but its still wrong. Most countries will use capital punishment without justifying the cause. Even though here in the U.S. you can have a trial but other places are bad. Everyone can form there own opinions but just because a kid steals from a hive away isnt right but in Iraq but the kid would eventually go to jail and get the capital punishment. Americas laws are based on the Constitution. They are considered to be justifiable and what should be right and are supposed to be the foreground for future laws. It is unconstitutional, though, for an American to be sentenced t o his or her death. The eighth amendment states that Excessive surety shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted (US Constitution). It would be against the Constitution for an American to be put to death because it can be considered cruel and unusual punishment.

SAD in the Winter Essay -- Journalism Journalistic Essays

SAD in the WinterCould Seasonal Affective Disorder Be Disrupting the Lives of Northeastern Students?Becky Venne, a 31-year-old Northeastern graduate student, says she doesnt socialize much in the winter. In fact, she claims that she finds it hard to get out of bed and spends most of her day watching T.V., satisfying her cravings for carbohydrates and starchy foods.Weve all see it at some point or another. The weather gets colder, the days become shorter, and no matter how much sleep you had the night before, you still feel tired. These, along with weight gain and feelings of sadness and lethargy are common during the winter months. But what happens when these feelings become debilitating, and begin affecting ones personal life? in that location is a period of time that I think most lot who defecate SAD realize there is more to it, said Venne. It wasnt until I had some quiet time that I realized this isnt normal.What Venne is referring to is Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), a moo d disorder that more commonly affects people of all ages in the Northern regions of the Unites States.Although most people experience some forms of depression during the winter months, SAD is diagnosed when this change in mood becomes debilitating, causing a sever impact on the daily life of the individual.Venne says she was diagnosed with SAD about five years ago, shortly after she moved to Boston. She describes her diagnoses as a long, worn-out out process, jumping from doctor to doctor, until finally she found the right psychopharmacologist. Dr. Elisa Castillo works at the Center For Counseling at Northeastern University, where she works with more students who have been diagnosed with SAD. She explained that there are... ...the answer to SAD? Castillo suggests seeking help through Counseling, such as the Center for Counseling and Student Development. The counseling center abide provide support, help diagnose SAD, help with referrals to psychiatrists that have experience in th is area and follow up with students to make sure the treatment is working, said Castillo.Castillo as well says that it is important to learn how to manage winter, and can be difficult, especially if someone has moved from a warmer climate to Boston. She recommends finding ways to exercise, socialize, and learn how to have fun both indoors and out.Venne agrees that it is important to find help if a person is experiencing symptoms of SAD.Once I was fit to realize what the problem was, I was able gain some sort of control, said Venne. I just take one day at a time, and know that summer is on its way.

Wednesday, May 29, 2019

Walt Whitmans Song of Myself Essay -- Song of Myself Essays

Walt Whitmans Song of MyselfWalt Whitmans Song of Myself is, on the to the highest degree basic descriptive level, a really long poem. Whitman is clearly a poet with a lot to say, or at least with a lot of different ways to say it. He meanders from the micro to the macro, from atoms to the whole earth. There are plainly myriad ways to explain what the poem is about, and myriad keys to its true meaning. In what became Section 6 of the final edition (lines 90-121 of the 1855 edition ) Whitman himself addresses this sort of meta-question of interpretation. By doing so in one of the quieter, more straightforward sections of the poem, Whitman invites us to use the section as one such key. In Section 6, Whitman lays out a (possible) microcosm of Song of Myself and gives a very kind prompt that here is a place where befuddled readers flowerpot ease their way into the poem. Whitman signals from the beginning of this passage that it is more accessible than most of his others. The first line tells us simply of a question asked by a child ?A child said, What is the grass? fetching it to me with full workforce?? (90). In contrast to some of the earlier lines--the challenge of line 22 (?Have you reckoned a thousand acres oft? Have you reckoned the earth much??) or the confusion of lines 30-31 (?I have heard what the talkers were talking?.the talk of the beginning and the fire,/but I do not talk of the beginning and the end?.?) --this information is easy to process. We are likely to pause and enjoy the refreshing image of an inquisitive child, hands full of grass. Although Whitman goes on to catalogue all kinds of like brief, simple sketches, for the moment we only have to deal with one. This single child is a messenge... ... (as determined by the 1891-1892 edition). Whitman?s answer to the question he be to us earlier is now just what we might expect. ?They are alive and well somewhere/The smallest sprout shows there is really no death? he te lls us (116). This seems almost to say ?Good job?you followed my clues correctly, you too can read poetry.? By setting this section up, Whitman gives us one of his main themes that we can proceed to follow through this poem. At the same time, he shows us that one poem can be about many different ideas, and so cautions us against being too adamant about our newly discovered lens. His multitude of ?uttering tongues? can be confusing, but he does not leave us stranded?he gives us a map that shows one way to navigate this poem, and also the freedom to discover others at will. Works CitedWhitman, Walt. Song of Myself. 14 Nov 2006 .

Shoe Horn Sonata :: John Misto

The Shoe- Horn Sonata***The Shoe- Horn Sonata is a play by John Misto that gives an insight into two lives of two distaff POWs in WW II and is a vector of Mistos thoughts. It explores the little known and often terrible events associated with female prisoners of war. The play follows a friendship of two women through and through the war to a point of latent hostility thats beyond what any normal friendship would have to deal with. Misto engages his sense of hearing by using a multitude of mediums to portray his story creating a truly multimedia performance. The playwright challenges the audience to look beyond this to the underlying ideas of survival, loyalty and truth.***The play opens with a depiction almost as dramatic as the characters, introducing Bridie. She stands on a spotlight demonstrating the Kow Tow bow for respect in the centre of the stage then claps her hands sternly, immediately revealing the strong assertive nature of her character. The audiences become intrigue d, and listen as she straightens difficulty from the Kow Tow, showing she is forceful and feisty but non young. As the On Air sign becomes visible the audiences realize she is being interviewed as she informs her audience she had enlisted in WW II following her dads footsteps. She tells her audience that her father gave her a Shoe-horn and two pieces of advice, Dont sit on a toilet seat until you have lined it with toilet paper and neer kiss a Pommie on the lips.A marching song Fall in Brother was heard as images became visible on the screen of Women Disembarking capital of Singapore. Misto created a dramatic atmosphere that captured the audiences attention right through the introduction.The second scene appeared to be in the motel room where Bridies genius Sheila is introduced. This scene was in the Motel Room, which was used several times in the play being a place where private revelation and growing tension surrounded by Bridie and Sheila took place. Tension between the two took place immediately in scene two as, Bridie and Sheila stop in the doorway. There is slight but obvious tension between them,Silence and body language were used by the two characters to create such tension towards the audiences as it is a emotion which no haggle can cater for or adequately express.

Tuesday, May 28, 2019

Shoe Horn Sonata :: John Misto

The Shoe- Horn Sonata***The Shoe- Horn Sonata is a play by John Misto that gives an brain wave into two lives of two female POWs in WW II and is a vector of Mistos thoughts. It explores the little known and often terrible events associated with female prisoners of war. The play follows a friendship of two women through the war to a point of tension thats beyond what any normal friendship would have to deal with. Misto engages his auditory sense by using a multitude of mediums to portray his story creating a truly multimedia performance. The playwright challenges the audience to look beyond this to the underlying ideas of survival, fealty and truth.***The play opens with a scene almost as dramatic as the characters, introducing Bridie. She stands on a spotlight demonstrating the Kow Tow bow for respect in the core group of the stage then claps her hands sternly, immediately revealing the strong assertive nature of her character. The audiences become intrigued, and listen as she st raightens difficulty from the Kow Tow, showing she is firm and feisty but not young. As the On Air sign becomes telescopic the audiences realize she is being interviewed as she informs her audience she had enlisted in WW II pursuance her dads footsteps. She tells her audience that her father gave her a Shoe-horn and two pieces of advice, Dont sit on a toilet seat until you have lie it with toilet paper and Never kiss a Pommie on the lips.A marching song Fall in Brother was heard as images became visible on the screen of Women Disembarking Singapore. Misto created a dramatic atmosphere that captured the audiences attention right through the introduction.The second scene appeared to be in the motel room where Bridies Friend Sheila is introduced. This scene was in the Motel Room, which was used several times in the play being a place where private apocalypse and growing tension between Bridie and Sheila took place. Tension between the two took place immediately i n scene two as, Bridie and Sheila stop in the doorway. There is fine but obvious tension between them,Silence and body language were used by the two characters to create such tension towards the audiences as it is a emotion which no words can cater for or adequately express.

Monday, May 27, 2019

Cadbury India

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY coffee trees had its beginnings in the meters of the Mayas and the Aztecs when they beat coffee into a pulp and made a bitter frothy chocolate out of them. They first became popular in Europe in a naughtyly unprocessed organize. Then the Hershey Food Comp both was the first to bring out chocolates in the incumbently popular solid form. The master(prenominal) ingredient of chocolates is cocoa, grown mainly on the equatorial zones of South America. The other ingredients that go into the making of chocolates atomic number 18 sugar, milk solids, and permitted emulsifiers. Cocoa constitutes nearly 40% of the total raw material cost.The following identify attempts to make a study on the chocolate industry and the position of the chocolate make, Cadbury. The tarnish name chosen is the umbrella stigmatize as we purport that the corporate name is recognised as a blemish, not so much its individual products. The study will focus on the grocery and publicize strategy employed by Cadbury in the context of the Indian macro environment and industry structure. The advertising strategy will be studied with honour to Cadburys business and commercializeing objectives. The strategies espo purpose will be analyzed for each product pass.The same is followed to a minimal extent for its major competitor, draw close India especial(a), to rent an understanding of where Cadbury stands. The report initially focuses on an examination of the industry environment and the product class. The report then goes on to analyse the corporate, marketing and advertising strategies adopted by the selected bon ton and its main competitor. It concludes by notioning at the future challenges and recommendations for the industry and the company. TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1 accounting entry RESEARCH METHODOLOGY1 1. Research details(Type of research, ingest size, Sample function, DataCollection)8 2. Limitations of the project8 3. Market single-valued functi onation9 4. Psychographics Demographics 12 Chapter 2 COMPANY PROFILE13 Chapter 3 KEY SUCCESS FACTORS 14 Chapter 4 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO 15 Chapter 5 STRATEGIC stake ANALYSIS 16 Chapter 6 ORGANISATION ANALYSIS 17 Chapter 7 COMPETITOR ANALYSIS 19 7. 1 come on (Strengths and Weaknesses)19 7. 2 Amul (Strengths and Weaknesses)21 7. 3 Cadbury (Strategy and sequence to come Plans) 22 Chapter 8 CUSTOMER ANALYSIS 24 8. 1 Need gap analysis vis-a-vis competitors24Chapter 9 EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS29 9. 1 The Chocolate Industry in India 29 Chapter 10 grass IDENTITY 30 Chapter 11 mail PRISM 31 Chapter 12 mark POSITIONING 33 Chapter 13 smirch IMAGE 36 Chapter 14 BRAND PERSONALITY 37 Chapter 15 PORTERS FIVE FORCES FRAMEWORK 40 Chapter 16 incoming CHALLENGES42 Chapter 17 RECOMMENDATIONS TO GEAR UP FUTURE CHALLENGES 43 Annexure Appendix A Porters 5 Forces Model44 Appendix B Positioning with respect to the pr deoxyephedrine parts45 Bibliography46 Chapter-1 INTRODUCTION AND RESEARCH METHODO LOGY 1. 1 Research DetailsType of Research Exploratory and Descriptive. Sample Units Two of the Number One brands in India namely Cadburys and Nestle, respectively, were chosen on the bum of their market al lucks. These two industries were chosen on the basis of the usold years of the products, as the usage of FMCGs is high and noticeable. Sample Design Non-probability sampling was resorted to and the methods employ is thingamabob sampling and Judgment sampling. Samples size The total sample size is 32, which includes consumers of all the two brands, retailers of Cadburys and Nestle. Data Collection Data was collected both from secondary sources as well as rimary data was also collected. A structured questionnaire method was used to collect primary data. Secondary data was soured from conglomerate produce sources which include magazine like AM, Business India and Business world. Newspaper like Brand Equality, Brand wagon and The Times of India were also used. Annual idea of Cadburys and Nestle were also referred. Data was analyzed manually and with the help of computer nuttyw be EXCEL, to make graphs and pie charts. 1. 2 Limitations of the project 1. For generalization of the results a study inevitably to be undertaken establish in a larger sample across different industries. . Since the study is confined to Mumbai only, the findings potnot be applied to other parts of the country. 1. 3 Market Segmentation This can be done in two ways product forms and guest establish. With Respect To Product Forms thither argon intravenous feeding major segments in the Indian Chocolate Industry Moulded Chocolate Segment This segment constitutes 50% of the total market. Cadburys Dairy draw (CDM) Cadburys flagship brand has 50% of this segment market. To position CDM in this segment Cadbury used the traditional demographic variables of age, socio-economic groups and usage intensity.CDM was positioned as a product that elders (pargonnts) bought for children. Ca dbury has actually associated itself to enduring and emotional values of come, sharing, agnate affection, and reward. Considering that CDM practically acts as a trend targetter for all the brands in this segment, this expressage the placement of the entire category towards children only. Amul attempted to aggrandize the category by bringing in teenagers, but it was not successful. The Cadbury brands in this segment are CDM, Fruit crackpot, scranch, Bournville.CDM is basically the leading brand here, and the others act as an endorser basket for the company. Nestle forms 25% of this segment and the companys major brands are Nestle authorized, Nestle Milk Chocolate and Nestle Crunch. From approximately 1993, this segment began showing signs of maturity. This was hurting CDM. This led to Cadbury attempting to rejuvenate the segment. They changed their nubble customer from children to that of the universe both children and adults. This attempt at redefining the market to ent icing all age groups helped bring about changes in the segment.Today, the notion associated with the consumption of chocolates is that of casualness instead of just product consumption. Today, this segment grows at 40% per annum, and is likely to remain an chief(prenominal) segment for further growth. Countline Bars Segment This segment forms 33% of the chocolates market. This segment is mostly targeted at teenagers. Major Cadbury brands are 5- corpus, Break, Real, Krisp, and Double Decker. 5-Star is doing well here (about 50% of the segment) while the rest of the brands act as endorser brands. Nestle has a minor presence in this category with its product Bar-One.Growth of a Sub Segment Chocolate Wafers Chocolate wafers are the cutting products being offered by chocolate companies today in order to expand the market. In 1995, Cadbury and Nestle launched Perk and KitKat respectively. These were waferenrobed chocolates in a parvenue context and a different benefit offering. Both ch ocolates had a snack location. Perk offered the any period anywhere snack proposition Thodi si front-runner Puja, whereas KitKat tried to promote snacking through Have a break, Have a KitKat. The growth rate of this segment is 15-20% annually, and is estimated to be worth e verywhere Rs. 00 crores, making it a very lucrative segment. Internationally, confectionary products like wafer chocolates find a very high tonnage and check a much bigger future than translucent chocolates. Market research and success of these two brands bespeak that Indian consumers are ready for accepting the wafer chocolate proposition. The conviction of both Cadbury and Nestle towards this segment can be gauged from the fact that both brands are seeing unprecedented allocation of funds, to the tune of 60% to 70% of the total advertisement budget of both companies on chocolates. Choco Panned SegmentsThis segment forms 4% of the total market and Cadbury has 100% of the market in this segment. The majo r brands are Nutties, Caramels, Butterscotch and Tiffins. All of these brands have been used by Cadbury to drive variety, stimulate gifting practices and serve to some specific taste preferences. Cadbury does not advertise these brands. They have been used as flanker products. The opportunity for growth in this segment is high what with the imminent entry of multinationals like Mars and Hersheys. This is also likely to pose a menace to Cadbury, what with its complacency. Sugar Panned SegmentThis segment form 15% of the total market and Cadbury has about 98% of this segment, its major brands being Gems and Eclairs. Eclairs has been used strategically to foster chocolate consumption among children as well as adults by offering a tiny guilt complete, eat no more(prenominal) than a biteful at a convenient scathe point. (65% of Eclairs eaters are from the households earning less than Rs. 4000/- per month. ) Gems is still Cadburys primary likewisel to protect its franchise in the ch ild segment. It was previously associated in its commercials with the international spy character, James Bond.Around 1995, Gems was repositioned to broad base its appeal from 3-6 years olds to teenagers as well. However this failed due to the product form which has become deeply rooted with kids and hence the company has reverted sand to the target segment of kids with a new offering of Chocogems. With Respect To The Consumer Buying Power These are 1. High income customers (price greater than Rs. 25 for 40 gm. ) who will go in for support chocolate brands. 2. Middle income customers (price in the midst of Rs. 10 25) who are price sensitive. 3. Children, who are mostly price driven and will consume more of toffees in the price range of Rs. . 50 1. 1. 4 Psychographics And Demographics This is attempted in terms of the consumers. 1. High income customers it is estimated the age group buying the chocolates will be 22 onwards. The income level is estimated to be Rs. 8000 per month. The customers are mostly urban, and are mostly professionals (engineers, doctors, executives, etc. ) The psychographic profile They can either be individuals indulging themselves, or they could be indulging their children. They are inner directed quite a little who form their own values and norms and believe in not adhering blindly to social norms. They re somewhat occasion driven in their buying behaviour. 2. Middle income customers it is estimated that the age group in this segment will be 15 plus. The income level is estimated to be around Rs. 5000 per month. The consumers can be urban, semi urban, and is currently spreading to fractureer-barrel areas. The psychographic profile they are likely to be variety seeking in their behaviour. They are self expressing by nature and inner directed to an extent. They like to bumble themselves. Children the upper age limit is estimated to be 12 years. They mostly purchase their chocolates with their pocket money.The consumers can be u rban, semi urban, and rural, though their is a somewhat greater emphasis on urban. The psychographic profile they are novelty seeking in behaviour. They are also fun loving. CHAPTER-2 COMPANY PROFILE Cadbury India Limited Cadbury India limited was set up as a wholly owned subsidiary of the UK-based Cadbury Schweppes Overseas Limited in July 1948. They started off by setting up ware facilities at Thane to manufacture chocolates, malted foods, cocoa powder and drinking chocolate using the technical know how of the parent company.The company has manufacturing facilities at Malanpur and Induri. During 1997, the company invested Rs. 80 crores in the two factories. At Malanpur, the capacity of Eclairs (one of the Cadbury range of products) production was sum upd, a new wafer line was installed, and the chocolate making capacity was join ond. This increase is from 7000 to 17000 tonnes. At Induri, a new moulded line was installed to manufacture center filled moulded in orange and coffee Truffle. Cadbury is the market leader in the Indian chocolate market with a serving of 70% and sales of around 12000 tons.It has successfully differentiated its product over the years by strategic brand building. The company had clear that chocolates by itself do not satisfy any immediate packs (soft drinks would satisfy thirst, ice cream would provide relief from heat), so they would have to be associated with human feelings of coquette, magic, love and affection. So it had at one point of time employed emotional attachment as basis of differentiation. This has lately been modified to including the rational perspective so as to catalyze increased consumption of chocolates within the family.KEY BUSINESS OBJECTIVE to continuously provide products that are value for money. CHAPTER-3 KEY SUCCESS FACTORS (KSF) On analysing the market, the phenomenal success of the company can be attributed to The pioneer advantage (first mover advantage) The company was the first to enter the In dian market, as early as 1956. For a coarse time, it was practically the only dominant player in the market. It, therefore, enjoyed a large share of both customers heart and mind. So much so that for an entire generation, chocolate was synonymous with Cadbury. It is only recently that the company has started facing some threat from Nestle.A hale endorser brand Cadbury realised early that volumes would not be enough to support all its brands with heavy advertisements. Hence what they were to take CDM as the flagship brand and advertised it heavily to popularise the brand name to help the flanker brands around CDM. But in the last two years the company has spent extensively on the chocolate wafer segment (without treating it as a flanker brand of CDM), seeing as how the segment has been growing phenomenally. Right product aspect the climatic conditions and the Indian taste are very different from the western markets where the company first started its operations.Cadbury was able to successfully reformulate its product as per the Indian conditions, while entrants like Nestle could not do so. Presence in all segments Cadbury has a presence in the entire range, starting from low priced hard boiled sweets and sugar confectionery to the premium range of chocolates. The company also claims success in all these segments it has been entering recently. CHAPTER-4 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO The following is the list of the major brands of the company Cadburys Dairy Milk Cadburys Gems Cadburys Nutties Cadburys Crackle Cadburys 5 Star Cadburys Mr.Pops Cadburys Eclairs Cadburys Truffle Cadburys Gold Cadburys Bournville Cadburys Tiffins Cadburys Butterscotch CHAPTER-5 STRATEGIC BRAND ANALYSIS OF CADBURY CHAPTER-6 organization ANALYSIS It was in 1824 that John Cadbury opened a shop in Birmingham in the UK. Originally selling tea and it was, provided, the marginal lines of cocoa and chocolate that in just a few years took over as the mainstay of the business. The Cadbury Brothers first made milk chocolate in 1897, but by todays standards was a very coarse dry product made by blending milk powder with cocoa and sugar.The Swiss who produced a superior product by using condensed milk then dominated the milk chocolate market. In the early 1900s George Cadbury was determined to meet this challenge and, together with the experts from the Bournville factory, started to research new recipes and production methods. By June 1904 the recipe was perfected and a delicious new milk chocolate made with full cream milk, and containing far more milk than any previously known product, was ready to go into production. Although considerable technological advances have since been made in the production processes, the recipe is still basically the same as it was in 1904.In 1905 the chocolate was launched under the name CadburyDairyMilk. Cadbury India limited was set up as a wholly owned subsidiary of the UK-based Cadbury Schweppes Overseas Limited in July 1948. BRAND CHARTER VIS ION- Cadbury in every pocket and Superior Shareholder set PURPOSE-Working together to create brands people love. VALUES- Cadbury is an international company, proud of their long heritage, respectful of the social and natural environment in which they operate, supportive of their consumers, customers and colleagues and passionate about success.Cadbury believes in making, marketing and selling unique brands which give or bringpleasure to millions of consumers around the world every day. Cadbury is committed to the highest standards of corporate governance and corporate and social responsibility. BRAND TEXTURE- Chocolate-The very word makes your babble water. Chocolate is not just a food its a state of mind. Throughout history, chocolate has been associated with romance and sharing, and today the richness and smoothness of Cadbury chocolate is what makes it one of the worlds favorite treats.Cadbury is a world-renowned name with more than 150 years of chocolate heritage. Available in over 160 countries, Cadbury is the single largest brand in chocolate on an international basis. The Cadbury name can be seen in all chocolate related categories including confectionery, ice cream, cakes, biscuits, chilled desserts and chocolate based drinks. Synonymous with the very word chocolate, Cadbury has a unique relationship with the consumer. This relationship is underpinned by the occasionful visual icons of the Cadbury brands the Cadbury signature, the colour purple, the glass and a half trademark, and the chocolate itself.These all come together to form the brand identity-the Cadbury Master Brand. Cadbury had realized that chocolates by itself do not satisfy any immediate bespeaks (soft drinks would satisfy thirst, ice cream would provide relief from heat), so they would have to be associated with human feelings of romance, magic, love and affection. So it had at one point of time employed emotional attachment as basis of differentiation. This has lately been modified to including the rational perspective so as to catalyze increased consumption of chocolates within the family. CHAPTER-7 COMPETITOR ANALYSISIndian Chocolate market having a turnover of Rs. 350 crore (20,000 tonnes) has three major market players CIL dominating the market by capturing 70% of the market share, followed by Nestle having 20% of market share, Amul having a niche market of 7% and remaining 3% with small players. 7. 1 Nestle India Limited Nestle is a strong player in chocolates world wide but it entered the Indian market much later (in 1991) than one of its global competitor Cadbury. . Nestle ended 1997with a 41% increase in their net profit with Rs. 74. 3 crores. The net sales of the company amounted to Rs. 425 crores, which is an 18% increase over last year. Out of this, chocolates had a 31% increase in the sales turnover. Nestles initial foray into the Indian market was not very successful. The problem was in the formulation of the product. They were soft chocolates wit h high fat content which were unsuitable to the Indian climate. Also, the distribution focus had been on the larger cities and urban areas, which limited their customer base. It was with the launch of KitKat that the companys strategy changed with respect to both product and distribution.It increased its distribution network to cover small towns and interiors as well, so as to increase their customer base. It also modified the formulation of the moulded chocolates to suit the Indian conditions. The company used three layers of foil packaging so that KitKat could survive the summertime heat. The product was targeted at the casual consumers of chocolates primarily adults through a clear proposition of fulfilling a snacking need which basically took advantage of the fact that the existing chocolates in the market were too heavy to be had as a light snack.The company sees a huge potential in the wafer covered with milk chocolate, not only in the chocolate market but also in the premium biscuit market. The company is trying to expand the market in this direction by portrait it as a product taken during the breaks. The distribution and packaging are in harmony with the broad marketing plans of the company. Nestle followed a strategy of distributing its chocolates in ice-lined Sintex tanks to protect them. KitKat currently has the maximum mountain range in terms of the number of outlets it accesses.This has helped the company to increase the consumer base and to sell the new concept. KitKat packaging synergies with the total brand appeal. It has been packaged to keep the product fresh, crisp and protected from the harsh climactic conditions in the country. Special packaging is also integral to KitKat break ritual, which plays a part in the brand mystique. Nestle owes much of the success of its Eclair to the price point at which it was kept. Nestle Eclair has a filling of white chocolate. This makes it relatively less undetermined to the perils of high excise duti es faced by other Eclairs.The white chocolate filling also -makes it different in the taste and therefore Cadbury Eclairs for a long time neglected it as its competitor. Taking advantage of the exemption from excise hike, Nestle has priced its Eclair appropriately in a price sensitive market. Taking this price advantage, it has been able to corner 7. 5% of the market for chocolates as a whole and 27% of the market for eclairs. Milky Bar is a white chocolate from Nestle and is targeted primarily at children. The sugary taste of the white chocolate appeals to the children.It is positioned as a source of energy and nutrition (Ad Line Milkybar, give me the power). The positioning is used to influence the decision-making unit for the consumers in this segment i. e. their parents. The health and nutrition oriented proposition is used to counter the negative perception of the parents that chocolates are bad for the teething and unhealthy. Nestle have also entered the sugar confectionery market, in direct competition with Cadbury by offering Allens Splash, and Allens Koffees, and Allens Butterscotch.With eroding margins and increasing competition, Nestle has also started to look at exports to boost its turnover. Strengths Market leader in coffee and baby food sector Well-established distribution network extending to rural areas. Strong brands in the FMCG sector. suffering cost operations Large product portfolio. Weaknesses Low presence in health drinks In comparison to Bournvita, Horlicks and Boost the market penetration of MILO is very low. Low Market Share in chocolates as compared to Cadburys. Didnt get the first movers advantage. Initially the distribution focus had been on the larger cities and urban areas, which limited their customer base. 7. 2 Amul (Gujarat cooperative Milk Marketing Federation Limited)- Amul is the third player in the chocolate market in India. This brand does not have any international lineage and is miniscule in terms of market share in chocolates, as compared to the other two players Cadbury and Nestle. Amul had an extremely focused positioning of A gift for someone you Love, albeit not targeted at a single age group. Strengths Strong and extensive distribution and sales network. Large market penetration in dairy industry Age old market presence carries a traditional image. Quality and purity and trust as consumer relationship. Value for money and low price. Weaknesses No focus on the chocolate industry. Lack of organizational commitment. Amul chocolates have shown a very limited product differentiation. Low retailers margin. 7. 3 CADBURY Cadburys strategy is to create robust and sustainable regional positions in its two core markets, confectionery and beverages, through organic growth, acquisitions and disposals.It has exited markets where its believed it did not have or could not build, sustainable business models. It has strengthened existing positions and extended its presence in higher margin , faster growing product categories or geographies within its core markets. The company follows a multi branding strategy i. e. having more than one brand cater to a particular segment that may even lead to the cannibalization of sales of one brand. The game plan for the company is to increase the consumption of chocolate and confectionery among adults by offering products in convenient packs at affordable price. FUTURE PLAN-To beat the future we need a clear understanding of the future. Cadburys has these goals for the years ahead- Deliver superior shareowner returns on the back of superior business performance Profitably and significantly increase its share of the global confectionery market Profitably secure and then grow its share of the regional beverages markets in which the company has chosen to participate To reinforce its reputation as a Company which motivates, develops and rewards employees for superior performance and make a deflection in the communities in which i t does business. To develop brands with mass franchise and widen out its distribution network further into the rural sector Keeping with the awareness that new product development provides the key to growth in this market Launch one new product every year and extend its sugar confectionery range The future strategy of the company is to maintain its dominance. CHAPTER-8 CUSTOMER ANALYSIS 8. 1 NEED GAP ANALYSIS VIS-A-VIS COMPETITORS 1. Based on retail Price pic 2. Based on Packaging pic 3. Based On Brand Name pic 4. Based on CustomersHigh income customers it is estimated the age group buying the chocolates will be 22 onwards. The income level is estimated to be Rs. 8000 per month. The customers are mostly urban, and are mostly professionals (engineers, doctors, executives, etc. ) Middle income customers it is estimated that the age group in this segment will be 15 plus. The income level is estimated to be around Rs. 5000 per month. The consumers can be urban, semi urban, and is c urrently spreading to rural areas. Children the upper age limit is estimated to be 12 years. They mostly purchase their chocolates with their pocket money.The consumers can be urban, semi urban, and rural, though there is a somewhat greater emphasis on urban. The psychographic profile they are novelty seeking in behaviour. They are also fun loving. Consumer Buying Behaviour- The product category comes under Fast Moving Consumer Foods (FMCG) and the product is slackly purchased as a convenience neat. The general characteristics of this product are It is a low involvement product, but there are significant differences in various brands in market. The following matrix may help in studying the look of consumer for this particular product category.High InvolvementLow involvement Significant differences Complex buying behavior Variety seeking behaviour Between brands * chocolates Few differencesDissonance reducingHabitual buying Between brandsbuying behaviorbehaviour In this category, consumers are often found to do a lot of brand switching. Although the consumer expects some benefits from chocolates, but he chooses a brand without much evaluation, and evaluate it during consumption only. But next time, quite often he may reach for another brand out of boredom or a wish for a different taste.Brand switching occurs for the sake of variety rather than dissatisfaction. Since Cadbury has 70 % of market share, this variety-seeking behavior had not affected its sales negatively. This had been possible due to various factors like lack of strong competition. However, with the new entrants in the market, there has been stiff competition. There are few segments like wafer chocolates segment where company faces strong competition from Nestle, the second major player in the market. In these segments company should try to increase brand loyalty for its brands.This increased consumer loyalty will also act as deterrent towards development of strong competitors in other segment s. Further to increase the overall size of market, company should try to increase consumers involvement with chocolates. The company has its products focused around three basic propositions- ( Drives attitudes and behaviour This is led by the companys flagship brand Cadbury Dairy Milk (CDM). CDM is currently positioned on the emotional plank of spontaneity and self-expression and is targeted mainly on the adult consumer. Drives Snacking Consumption It has two main brands in this category 5 Star & Perk. However both the brands are positioned in a slightly different manner. Perk is positioned as a any time snack anywhere, whereas 5 star is positioned as a Energy Bar. Drives variety, gifting and taste preference The two brands in this category are Gems and Eclairs. However, there is a lot of difference between these two brands. While Gems is targeted primarily at children, Eclairs is a chocolate simulator, which simulated the taste and the feel of the chocolate but has to popped in t he mouth like a toffee Drives attitude and Drives snacking and consumption Drives variety, gifting and taste behaviour preference Endorsers Dairy Milk 5-Star Gems Perk Dairy Milk Eclairs Flankers Bournville Break Butterscotch Crackle Caramels Nut Milk Nutties Fruit & Nut Tiffins Creamy Bar Roast Almond Prodigals Overtures (now withdrawn) All Silk Besides these endorsing brands, Cadbury traditionally has maintained a whole onslaught of flank and satellites in its brand portfolio.It has always focused on preempting any moves by a competitor by launching a brand of its own. The threat of Nestles entry led to the launch of tactical brands like All Silk, Crackle and Break. Therefore, in the Cadburys brand system, the flanker brands are used for the tactical purpose of plugging a gap in the segment where the threat of entry by a rival brand was imminent. Cadbury has also entered the sugar confectionery range of Googly and Mocka with the determination of expanding its range further. However, Nestles successful entry through KitKat in the wafer segment proved that unless you support your flank brands actively, they are not going to be of any use in blocking competition.And hence Cadbury is showing some active interest in the area. CHAPTER-9 EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS 9. 1 The Chocolate Industry in India The chocolate industry in India has a size of 20000 tonnes and is worth about Rs. 400 crores. The chocolate market has been growing by nearly 35% however there has been some slowdown in the last two years. The chocolate market is predominantly urban with coverage of 95%. The sales volume have decreased by 5% in the last year and the chocolate market had declined with the average consumption coming down by 25% from 16000 tonnes to the current level of 12000 in the first quarter of 1997, largely due to the steep hike in excise duties. However, this trend has seen kind of a reversal in the latter half of 1997. Cadbury India limited wa s set up as a wholly owned subsidiary of the UK-based Cadbury Schweppes Overseas Limited. The parent company is the cardinalth largest in the world chocolate market, after Mars, Nestle, and Philip Morris. They set up operations here as far back as 1948, and will thus be finish 50 years of its existence here. Cadburys milk chocolate was first introduced in the Indian market in 1956. It made an immediate impact, quickly worthy the market leader a success story, even to this day. The Major Players The major national players in the chocolate market in India are Cadbury India LimitedNestle India Limited Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation Limited (Amul) Two giants Cadbury and Nestle, dominate the combined chocolate and eclair market. Together they have a 90% share of the entire market. Amul holds a 5% share, and is present only in the moulded chocolate segment of the market CHAPTER-10 BRAND IDENTITY Definition Brand identity is a unique set of brand associations that the b rand strategist aspires to create or maintain. These associations represent what the brand stands for and imply a promise to customers from the organization members. Brand Identity Structure of Cadbury CHAPTER-11 BRAND PRISM Picture of sender (company) druthers, wholesome Friendly, Indulgent Physique Personality Liberation,Relationship Culture Individualism, Self Indulgence Casual, Independent Reflection Self Image unbosom child Picture of recipient (Customer) BENEFITS DERIVED FROM CADBURY BRAND Functional Benefit Taste and contented Emotional Benefit Happiness Self-Expressive Benefit Being yourself. liberation CHAPTER-12 BRAND POSITIONING Cadbury is the perfect expression of spontaneous, happy, joyous feelings. Eating Cadbury provides the Real Taste of Life experience. pic Positioning is the space occupied by Cadbury in the minds of the consumer.For the chocolate market, Cadbury is play off against competitors like Nestle, Amul and substitutes like, chips, biscuits and other l ight snacks. Idea of positioning Cadbury is to occupy a distinct space, which is differentiable, yet powerful. The positioning of Cadbury in India is as follows Thodi si pet puja kabhi bhi kahi bhi Kya swad hai zindagi main Khane ka bahana chahiye Cadbury is the perfect expression of spontaneous, happy, joyous feelings. Eating CDM provides the Real Taste of Life experience Basis of positioning Cadbury India believes in the following when it comes to positioning Product based positioning Strong corporate brand. Product based positioning Quality/Value Associations with Use Occasion Kya swad hai zindagi main. Thodi si pet puja kabhi bhi kahi bhi. The quality aspect is enormously emphasized in Cadbury. Even the Cadbury can be consumed anytime as has been expressed in its physique, particularly the visuals(glass and a half symbol) advertisement continuously. STRONG CORPORATE BRAND Consumers know they can trust a chocolate bar that carries Cadbury branding. The relationship b etween Cadbury and individual brands is symbiotic with some brands benefiting more from the Cadbury relationship, i. e. ure chocolate brands such(prenominal) as Dairy Milk. Other brands have a more distant relationship, as the consumer motivation to purchase is ingredients other than chocolate, e. g. Crunchie. Thus the positioning of the umbrella brand Cadbury is such that it signifies trust to a great extent because of which the brand has a massive fan following. CHAPTER-13 BRAND IMAGE Taste of animationBe your self, care free Brand image is what is perceived by the customers across the target segment. Its target segment can be divided into following segments Kids Teenagers Mature adults Use based segmentation Festivals such as Holi, Diwali. Occasions such as Valentines Day, birthdaysFor kids means enjoying the taste of chocolate and life. For adults the values are self expression. CHAPTER-14 BRAND PERSONALITY many a(prenominal) of the worlds most powerful brands spend a great deal of time putting personality into their brands. It is the personality of a brand that can appeal to the four functions of a persons mind. For example, people make judgments about products and companies in personality terms. They might say, I dont think that company is very friendly, I feel aflutter when I go into that branch, I just know that salesmen is not telling the truth about that product or That offer doesnt smell mighty to me. Their minds work in a personality driven way.Given that this is true, then how can a company create a personality for its product or for itself? The assist lies in the choice and application of personality values and characteristics. A products brand personality is a description of its characteristics in relation to the target market for the product. It assists marketers to develop suitable advertising and promotional campaigns for the product. The following diagram shows the Brand Personality of Cadbury. pic Cadburys different brands have diff erent Brand Personalities. Some of them are discussed infra Cadburys Dairy Milk The Rebel Leader Brand Personality of youthful exuberance and rebelliousness 5 Star The champion companionMale personality and reliableness Perk The girl next door Brand personality of a warm, perky, naughty accessible, Indian girl next door Milk Treat Childrens Superhero For kids and School going children CHAPTER-15 PORTERS FIVE FORCES FRAMEWORK pic MAKING OF THE BRAND CADBURY IN INDIA When Cadbury entered Indian market it knew that that India is a tough nut to crack with its vast and diverse geographical and cultural diversifications. Major challenges for Cadbury India was to get people accustomed to chocolates- primarily seen as a western taste and do so by reaching out to the masses in a land where mindsets and preferences are as diverse as the country itself.It decided to use a common platform that is universal to all cultures The platform of love and affection. It used emotional appeals to position its brand as a surrogate to parental affection for their children. The positioning clicked for Cadbury but the brand audit done a few years later revealed that it had restricted its market to the kids. To grow it had to target the elders also. So what was the next Big Idea? The marketers decided to position the product for the kid in all of us. The communication for the new positioning was The Real Taste of Life. It portrayed itself as a perfect expression of spontaneous happy, joyous feelings.Cadbury conducts regular audits and tries to reinvent its strategies according to the findings of the audits. CHAPTER-16 FUTURE CHALLENGES Cadbury was recently plagued with allegations of supplying plant louse infected chocolates. It received huge negative publicity and needs to avoid such fatal mistakes. The root cause for the above problem lies in the Distribution. Chocolates are a perishable product and therefore needs to be supplied to a retail outlet as fast as possible. At the same time retailers should be compensated for any stock that has expired without any hassles. The products also need to be transported in a refrigerated environment as they vanish in room temperature. This Therefore needs to clearly redefine its distribution strategies.As Indian markets become more receptive to globalization there are chances of more and more MNCs entering the Indian market. Cadbury needs to maintain its brand equity through regular innovative advertisements and promotions. There is a growing threat from local anesthetic substitutes. The Sweet shops are reinventing themselves and coming up with their own versions of chocolates. These find favor with the local tastes and are available in many varieties. Both MNC and Local bakery brands are expanding their operations. Theses bakeries are manufacturing various verities of chocolates locally with local blends. They do not have to invest in extensive distribution and have as good quality as Cadbury. Their USP is provid ing fresh chocolates.Cadbury has to reinvent its strategies to face such future challenges. CHAPTER-17 RECOMMENDATIONS TO GEAR UP FOR FUTURE CHALLENGES Cadburys major problems are linked to the need for very responsive distribution network due to the perishable nature of its products. Costs go up and problems like the recent worm episode arise. What we suggest is a revamping of its distribution network to make it more responsive. Indian consumers mainly consume sweets during some festivals. It must come up with innovative offerings for its chocolates to suit the need during such occasions. e. g. Come up with shapes similar to Indian Sweets and package it innovatively reflecting the festival colors. Start exploring newer distribution channels like E-tailing where Hi-value chocolates are sold in narrow packs. pic Appendix B Positioning with respect to the price segments Positioning Drives attitude and behaviour Drives snacking and consumption Drives variety, gifting and taste Pr ice preferences High KitKat Cadburys Fruit & Nut (above Rs. 25 for 40 Cadburys Roast Almond gms. Cadburys Bournville Cadburys Nut Milk Tango Almond Medium Cadburys Crackle Cadburys Perk Tango Fruit & Nut (Rs. 10-25 for 40 Cadburys Dairy Milk Cadburys Creamy Bar gms. Tango Cashew Tango curt Amul Fruit & Nut Nestle Crunch Low Nestle Premium Milk Nestle Milkybar Amul Milk Chocolate (below Rs. 10 for 40 Nestle Classic Kandos Amul Bitter gms. Tango Milk Chuckles Amul Orange Nestle Bar One Amul Crisp Cadburys Break Cadburys Relish Cadburys Five Star Nestle Rich Dark Mystique BIBLIOGRAPHY Kapferer, Jean-Noel. Strategic Brand Management. The Free Press. A division of Macmillan, Inc. 1992 magnetic declination Kotler, Philip. Marketing Management abridgment, Planning, Implementation, and Control Prentice-Hall, Inc. Eighth Edition Aaker, David, et al, Advertising Management Prentice-Hall, Inc. Fourth Edition Business Line Catalyst Thu. F eb 19,1998. Financial express Brand Wagon Fri, Oct. 27, 1995 Internet Sources www. business-standard. com www. financialexpress. com www. conomictimes. com www. hinduonline. com www. indiaserver. com www. expressindia. com www. indiainformer. com www. cadbury. co. uk www. india-today. com/btoday Back issues of A&Ms CADBURY Competitor abstract ? Strength & Weakness ? Strategies ? Future Plan forecast Organization Analysis ? Vision, values and culture brand texture ? Resource utilization Ext. Environment Analysis ? Policies & Govt. regulations (PEST) ? Technological ? Political Customers Analysis ? Need gap analysis ? Consumer behaviour Uti l ity Retail price C N A Utility Pkg. design A N C Utility A N C Brand name Joyful, lighthearted, CarefreeDairy Milk, Perk, Fruit and Nut, Crackle, Kit kat The real taste of life Stars Bachan, Zinta, Cyrus Real Taste of Life Brand Essence spontaneous, happy, joyous feelings. Across the age Half full glass of milk pouring into chocolate and forming the C of Cadbury Cadbury Relationship Customer Cadbury For whom Kids, teens, mums, adults, mature adults. (FOR EVERYBODY) Why? Offers rich taste Kya swad hai zindagi main Against whom Competitors like, Nestle, Amul Substitutes like, Chips, Biscuits. When All purpose consumable. Gifts, Light snack Receiver current perception transmitter Goal Cadburys Brand Personality Reliable Down-to-Earth Fun-Loving Indulgent Confident FriendlyCadburys Brand Personality Indian sweets having chocolate flavor many a(prenominal) MNCs planning to enter India. Also there threats from existing players in confectionary industry wanting to enter choclates. Vertical Integration could increase bargaining power of suppliers. Indian consumers are price sensitive and may easily switch. High rivalry but Cadbury enjoys a good brand recall. Substitutes Substitutes like IceCreams, potato chips, biscuits, soft drinks, chewing gum, are a source of threat as well as opportunity for market expansion. Sup pliers Major raw material Suppliers are cocoa producers in Latin American countries. Due to negligible Domestic production inIndia, suppliers enjoy high bargaining power. Milk supply also fluctuates, therefore, in summer months, milk suppliers gain sufficient bargaining power. Competitors Duopoly Both the major players have Financial muscle to sustain their Brands All players following a pull strategy. Buyers Since chocolates do not satisfy any immediate needs, it is not a necessary item. Consumer power is very high and consumers need to be persuaded through various positioning planks to consume chocolates. New Entrants Imminent entry of global majors like Hersheys, Mars etc. is bound to change the power equation in the Indian chocolate market. Appendix A Porters 5 Forces Model

Sunday, May 26, 2019

A Case Study About Google Essay

DECLARATIONThe work contained in this assignment is my own and that all materials and sources used incur been ack right awayledged. I/We learn not copied or colluded in part or in whole, or new(prenominal)wise plagiarised the work of other students. This assignment has not been submitted for previous assessment in any other subject or to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other unit, module, pointedness or diploma of a university or any other institute, except where due acknowledgement is made in the text. I/We confirm that I/we stomach read, understood and followed the guidelines for assignment submission and presentation provided by the lecturer. I/We understand that this assignment may be retained on the database and used to make comparisons with other assignments in future. I/We have made a copy of my assignmentThis work may be photocopied and/or communicated for the purpose of identifying plagiarism. I/We give allowance for a copy of this marked as signment to be retained by the faculty of Business Management for the purpose of course reviews by external examiners and to be used as a resource by Majan College. I/We understand that unauthorized late submission without a valid written extension provide be marked as per the college policy mentioned in the students handbook page 18 section 18.5.IntroductionGoogle was founded in 1995 by Larry Page and Sergey Brin and it was the first popular search engine in the world. They created this search engine so that users can find any website or document on the web based on keyword or exact searches. Google provides emancipate services for their users. Other than the search engine, they can also search books on Google Book chase, news on Google News, videos on Google video recording (YouTube) and maps on Google MapsGoogle has changed the way people look at and sh are schooling. This has made them a leading search engine on the web and a spherical engineering leader. Back in the mid 90s Brin and Page, Stanford University graduates, worked on developing this unique technology. Since then, Google has grown to become one of the most recognized brands in the world as well as one of the top Inter concluding destinations. As of 2013, Google has 16800 employees working in more than 70 offices in more than 40 countries around the globe. Their headquarters is located in Mountain View, California, USA. strategic management has many services to an agreement. A fraternitys vision, mission and future goals are clan from the strategic offshoot. In addition, strategic management gives managers an advantage in allocating resources efficiently.Moreover, these strategies serving give the firm a competitive advantage in the grocery store. Statistics show that, on average, companies using strategic management are more successful. This assignment will aim to clarify the concept of strategic management in the international disposition as well as focus on Googles strategic management. In addition, the report will identify and explain the internal and external purlieual analysis of Google. This nitty-gritty, PEST analysis, tog up analysis and Porters Five Forces will beexplained in details.Literature ReviewStrategic management is defined as the process by which managers of the firm analyze the internal and external environments for the purpose of formulating strategies and allocating resources to develop a competitive advantage in an industry that allows for the successful achievement of organizational goals. Strategic management has an impact on initial goals, actions and recourses. Goals are set by managers to be completed within a certain period of time. satisfy plans must be clear to the group and they should start working on their targets accordingly. Recourses cannot be managed and allocated without proper understanding of goals and actions. Strategic decisions are taken by managers to help an organization reach its goals in the short term and immense term development and future direction of the gild. There are two processes that help the organization in evaluating their position in the market. Internal environment i.e. SWOT analysis (Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and curses) is used to analyze the internal processes and structures of a argumentation.Its implemented after the external environment (PEST analysis) are analyzed and clarified. External environment processes include the porters five forces that analyze the nature and extent of the rival within the industry. Macro environment are the changes in the industry in regards to political-legal, economic, proficient, and social systems. Googles business strategy has been be to show that they follow the strategic management process and they are extremely successful at it. High brand value, naughty market share and complete control over the market show that Googles business strategy should be a role model to all other companies.PEST Analysis of Google Inc.PEST analysis is used to determine the political, economical, social and technological factors in an external environment of an organization. These factors collide with an organizations activities and performances. After researching Googles macro economical factors using the PEST analysis model, the following was concluded1. Political Factors giving medication stability is one of the major aspects in Googles strategy. If themarket is stable, governments help businesses and so these businesses advertise more on Google, hence, benefitting Google. In addition, most of the governments do not have identified laws for online information sharing, thus, giving Google the opportunity to manipulate laws. However, China has created a barrier for Google by adding regulations that forbid Google from operating(a) on their terms. For example, according to UKessays (2013), Chinese Government launched a surveillance system called Golden Shield for monitoring civilian use of Internet. On a posit ive note, most of the political factors affect Google negligibly. Some of these factors are taxation polices, employment laws and environment protection laws.2. Economic FactorsGross domestic products (GDP) have been on the rise since a very long time. They are increasing annually at the average rate of 3.20% reaching a high take aim of 17.20% at times. Countries identical South Africa, India, China and joined Kingdom have had increases in their GDP each year since the 70s and this is a positive factor on Google. With the stable and continued harvest-feast of those countries, Googles internal and external investments will always be high in numbers. Users search more hence more advertisements are put on Googles search engines. The amount of users around those counters can impact on Google positively and lead them to establish better services and more products for their users leading the it existence a strength to Google economically. Interest rate can have a positive or negative impact on any organization. These impacts are intractable depending on a companys dealings. Google is a company that relies on investments, this means when interest rates increase gradually in a country, Google benefits. In UK, the rate average is set to about 8.2%, in USA it stands at 6.1%, in South Africa at 13.3%, in India at 6.6% and in China at 6.4%.These numbers mean that companies in that region of the world will be able to take out loans and invest or support their company. The more companies have money, the more they will be willing to spend on advertisements hence doing that through Google. This increases opportunities for Google in these markets. Inflation rate is a problem for the customers or buyers. However, companies benefit from it and it increases their overall income. In the past few years, USA, UK, India, China and South Africa have all recorded an average increase ininflation rate of 2.5-9.5% annually. This means that raw materials in these countries are becomin g more expensive every year. This causes the companies to increase the prices of their products and getting more cash out of it. This causes Googles advertisements to increase as well as the number of clicks for each ad. The result is more profits for Google from these countries.3. Technological FactorsIn analyzing the technological factors affecting Google, the key aspects to consider are the level of basic infrastructure, rate of technological change, new discoveries and development, government spending on research, access to newest technology, technology incentives and technology legislations. Google is described as a technological company that helps innovate and improve the world with its new development. Technological factors play a major role in a company like Google and it is part of the companys competitive strategy. Google is not only a search engine it also provides many services, cocksuckers and products free of charge through www.google.com. Googles IT infrastructure is a closely guarded secret because it is one of the companys competitive advantages. Google has up to 450,000 servers spreads over at least 25 locations and it uses a customised version of Linux operating systems to give them control and flexibility in finding new discoveries.The success of Google is mainly due to its innovative concepts and technologies such as Pagerank in their search engine, Adwords as advertising system, AdSense program, Gmail, Google Spreadsheets & Docs, Google Map, Google Froogle, Google Analytics, Google Desktop, Google Earth, Google Gear, Google Page creator, Google groups, Google talk, Picasa and more. All these services and tools are proposed for free with the aim to make a users life easier, efficient, practical and entertaining. In order to remain the crush in the field of technology, Google has bought a great number of start-up companies (131) that allows it to benefit from the dynamism and creativity that these companies bring. These companies range in variety of fields such as security, advertising, video, blame sharing, shopping, mobile technology and many more.4. Socio-Cultural FactorsKnowledge and information is a key factor of human development. Google is aleader of conjunction that is more and more global because its mission is to organize the worlds information and make it universally accessible and useful to everyone. Socio-cultural factors for Googles PEST analysis include traditions, values, societal trends, and society expectation of businesses. These society expectations can be grouped into state demographic, income distribution, lifestyle change and level of education. Google is not limited to a certain demographic population Google is a global company that offers global users with global services and global knowledge for free with only one condition of being connected to the Internet. therefrom there is no restriction on any specific demographic, culture or specific income distribution. This gives Google a very strong advantage in the market. Its tools are offered to everyone and hence anyone, anywhere in the world can advertise on Google and increase their profits. Majority of third world countries that are prevailing with extreme indigence have access to Google through their mobile applications. Googles culture is to offer users access to the world through a simple finger tap and this information offered by Google does not have a culture or a tradition to follow. This information can be good and helpful to one individual while useless or offensive to others.This could be a negative aspect for Google. Google always strive to keep up with the social trends and lifestyle changes of its users in order to entertain and capture their attention with its services and tools while promoting customized advertisement. Googles infrastructure is built to identifying its users trends and habits as well as the use of information to customize their search experiences with related results based on their habits and history. Googles application memorizes all the data entered when searching for a just aboutthing and saves personal information for 24 months. In reality, Google sells some information to advertising companies. Globalization of information has a negative impact on societies concerned about protecting their private data. Google has been highly criticized by retirement International Association and accused of harmful acts towards peoples privacy.In the sense of politics, the preservation of information could lead to Google having better relationships with countries who do not like their privacy being violated hence, more business and profits. In regards to social factors, Googles tendency to sell out their customers may harm some of them. At the moment, Google is surviving, but the human race isever changing and if people are accepting the privacy violation now, they might not in the future. This could be a threat leading to a weakness in the future. Porters Five Forces for Google Inc.Porters five forces is a key model when trying to determine an organizations opportunities and threats. It is considered to be a tool when trying to analyze a companys microeconomics. This is the internal affair related to an organization. The competition and power an organization has or can have in an industry. Porters five forces are heavily used when someone wants to buy a company and needs to understand the market in which the company operates.Supplier great powerIn this case, Google has an advantage as it operates regionally and has more than one supplier, if the relationship with one deteriorates the other can take its place. In addition, Google has eliminated competition by gaining the combine of Microsoft. All its tools are operated on its biggest competitor Microsoft systems. However, Microsoft and Apple could change their operating systems so that it does not support Google anymore leading to Google tools not working right and causing a threat of forward integration. In this case, is it concluded that the supplier power is relatively low due to most of the information on the net being free.Barriers to EntryNiu, Zitong et al. (2012) defines the threats by explaining that in the search engine business, only hardware have switching costs while the service itself has absolutely no switch cost. In addition, Yahoo and Microsoft could stop using Googles toolbars in their products and rather use their own. This and the fact that a better search engine could be developed and is not out of the question. However, all these negative aspects still do not change the high barriers to entry as all competitors in the market, especially Google, are in a very strong position financially.Competitive RivalryIn this type of rivalry, Zitong et al. (2012) mentions that brand identity can play a huge role in maximizing profits. Google has succeeded in this as their name Google has been added in dictionaries. Adding to advantages of Google, there are no defi ned government regulations as of but and sopolitical environment can easily be manipulated to satisfy their wants. Yahoo and Microsoft are the only other major players and market shareholders. Hence, there is a rivalry amid these three players. However, the UN or countries could start making trade restrictions to avoid having an oligarchy. Moreover, rivals in the search engine industry have similar technology and IT specialists in these companies and all around the world are always trying to improve search engine technologies in order to get ahead of the best, Google. terror of SubstitutesNo switch costs and buyers preferences to the faster/more accurate search engines are two of the threats Google face. In addition, users are demanding more and better services for free to be loyal to Google. Advertisement revenues depend completely on number of clicks on a certain ad. If the number of loyal customers decreases, the total revenue decreases. Moreover, legal employees are rare in t he market and losing one to the competition could affect Google negatively. However, these are all threats that are not able to affect Google because as of now all search engines have similar functions and are not considered a substitute product.Buyers PowerAccording to Techwyse (2013), Google are the market shareholders. The pie chart below shows the market share as of July 2013.Graph 1 Search Engines Market Share/2011The graph shows that Google have more than 75% of the market. In addition, Google is bringing to their users all their demands and for free. In this situation, however, the buying power is medium due to high demand on search engines and due to users relying heavily on search engines in their daily lives. SWOT Analysis of Google Inc.StrengthsGoogles brand value stands at $55.317 million as of 2012 and they hold a high market share of 66% in the aforesaid(prenominal) year. These numbers, along with their various free services offered to customers, gives them a strong b rand image that contributes to its strength. Googles Strong financial position is shown in their yearly gain in revenues and cash flow. This strengthensGoogle because it attracts investors to invest in the organization. In addition, they have many products that are also considered as an asset. The following graph shows the revenue growth of Google between 2003 and 2007Graph 2 Googles Revenue GrowthWeaknessesOn the other hand, in 2012 97% of Googles revenues come from Advertisement. The lack of income diversification is considered as a weakness. Moreover, Googles faces many lawsuits and the cost of dealing with those suits is a weakness. Oracle filed copyright infringement in 2010 and MastersObjects vs. Google in 2011 are some of these suits. These cause a decresase in the financial power of Google as well as reduce firm value.OpportunitiesGoogle practices forward and backward integration of companies. This means that Google buys out and adds companies to their portfolio. In 2011 al one, the added companies stand at around 25. Also, Google has a huge opportunity of taking over the mobile advertisement market and they have already started by buying out Motorola Mobility.ThreatsThe high intensity of competition from Yahoo, Microsoft as well as traditional advertisement agencies like TV, radio and newspapers is considered as a threat to Google. In addition, Google could face the threat of being out casted by countries due to privacy issues.ConclusionAll in all, Google has won countless awards, has maximized on profits, improved services, introduced new developments, eliminated most of the competition and dealt with their weaknesses. It is safe to say that Googles business strategy is sophisticated but has come out with fruitful results. Although the world is not perfect, Google has more strengths and opportunities than threats and weaknesses. This is even proven on the Internet as someone has joked about Google by saying Only thing Google has failed to do, so far, is fail. (N/A)ReferencesBlatstein, I.M. (2012). Strategic Planning Predicting or Shaping the succeeding(a)? Organization Development Journal, Vol. 30 Issues 2, pp. 32. visible(prenominal) athttp//www.strategicmanagementinsight.com/topics/strategic-management-planning.htmlbenefits (Accessed on 27 November 2013) StudyMode (2009). Business Analysis of Google Co. accessible at http//www.studymode.com/essays/Business-Analysis-Of-Google-Co-191594.htm (Accessed on 1 celestial latitude 2013) Cox, M. Z., Daspit, J., McLaughlin, E. and Jones III, R.J. (2012). Strategic Management Is It an Academic Discipline? Journal of Business Strategies, Vol. 29 Issue 1, pp. 27-28. Available at http//www.strategicmanagementinsight.com/topics/strategic-management-planning.htmlbenefits (Accessed on 27 November 13) UK Essays. 2010. A SWOT and PESTEL analysis of Google. ONLINE Available at http//www.ukessays.com/essays/marketing/a-swot-and-pestel-analysis-of-google-inc-marketing-essay.php. Accessed 29 Nove mber 13. BBC News. 2006. Google censors itself for China. ONLINE Available at http//news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/4645596.stm. Accessed 29 November 13 Google Inc. 2013. Google Inc. Announces Third Quarter 2013 Results. ONLINE Available at http//investor.google.com/earnings/2013/Q3_google_earnings.html. Accessed 01 December 13 Matt Krantz. 2013. Investing Who wins, loses with higher rates. ONLINE Available at http//www.usatoday.com/story/money/personalfinance/2013/06/15/higher-interest-rates-stocks-invest/2400513/. Accessed 02 December 13. Niu, Z. et al, 2012. Google Inc. Krause Fund Research, Online. 1/1, 1-10. Available at http//tippie.uiowa.edu/krause/spring2012/goog_sp12.pdf Accessed 02 December 2013. Techwyse, (2013), Search Engine Market Share July 2013 ONLINE. Available at http//www.techwyse.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/SEMS-pie-Juily.png Accessed 03 December 13. Ovidijus Jurevicius. 2013. SWOT analysis of Google. ONLINE Available at http//www.strategicmanagementinsigh t.com/swot-analyses/google-swot-analysis.html. Accessed 28 November 13. SquareSpace, (2007), Google Revenue Growth ONLINE. Available at http//static.squarespace.com/static/4f35ce92cb1268ecfa7f8e07/t/4f9eb00de4b006f3923a4e25/1335799822004/google_revenue_growth.jpg?format=750w Accessed 03 December 13.

Saturday, May 25, 2019

Marx’s Theory of Alienation Essay

Marx used the theory of alienation to expose what he claimed as a highly exploitative, unfair social relationship existing in a capitalist system which effectively divides society into twain opposing groups. He argued that this unfair social relationship came into macrocosm because of the concept of private property which, harmonise to him, refers to a situation where the means of production (such as positionories and plants) are owned by private persons. This private ownership of the means of production gave birth to the two antagonistic social classes the property owners or the capitalists and the propertyless workers. (Alienation, n.d.) According to Marx, here lies the first alienation of the workers in a capitalist society. The capitalists own the means of production and the workers substantiate only their wear to sell so that they could survive. Using the plants and factories at their disposal, the capitalists utilize the labor of the workers to enrich themselves by produc ing surplus value or profit. What worsens the situation for the workers is the fact that capitalists, in enounce to increase their profit or maximize their surplus value, are disposed to keep wages to the minimum, often barely enough for workers to confound a go at it a humanely comfortable life.Needless to say, the lower the wages paid to workers, the greater the profit for the capitalists. (Alienation, n.d.) This led Marx to assert that under the capitalist system, the only counsel to go is for the workers to become poorer and for the capitalists to grow richer.He cited the fact that in capitalist societies, there is an ever increasing number in the working poor families who persevere mired in poverty although every family member works, often more than one job because the wealth of the few depends on the poverty of the mevery. (Introduction, n.d.) In separatewise words, capitalism, according to Marx, was tailored so that capitalists who control the means of production shou ld get rich and the workers, whose labor produce the coveted surplus value are barefacedly exploited. Then the workers are alienated from the activity of working itself. Marx claimed that workers in a capitalist society do not work because they want to, or revel what they do. Neither do they work to improve their lot nor to create a happier, more humane society. Rather, they work simply because they behave to earn in order to live. In other words, Marx said that they are forced to work implying that workers in a capitalist society are far from being happy individuals who have no control even over the course or objective of their labor.The decision rests solely on the capitalists who have already acquired control over their labor after paying for it. Since the only goal of capitalists is more profits, their only objective, therefore, is to utilize labor to gainful undertaking regardless of whether their enterprise benefits society or endangers it. Marx declared that If greater p rofits can be made with weapons than with hula hoops, then that is where they will invest their capital. In this context, workers who are anti-war are compelled to produce war materials. (Alienation, n.d.)Marx also suggested that in a capitalist society, people are alienated from one another. He argued that workers are not only forced to work under any conditions and for whatever purpose in order to survive they are also kept separate from one another, pitted against each other. This is because in their desire to live, they have to compete for work. In their craving for a comfortable life, they have to practically elbow each other out for better-paying jobs. It is not only workers who are being alienated from their fellow workers.Capitalists also turn against other capitalists in their quest for profit and power. Marx said that this never-ending competition for jobs and profits favors the most ruthless, at other times the most opportunistic or well-connected. In fact, Marx insinua ted that this rat race which characterizes life in a capitalistic society is the start of the process of the dehumanization of man. Their failure to shape society according to their needs, their desires, and their concept of civilization, completes the process because this ability to create the kind of society that they want is what distinguishes man from the lower forms of animal. (Introduction, n.d.)ReferencesAlienation. (n.d.). site 32797436 attachment.Introduction. (n.d.). Order 32797436 attachment.

Friday, May 24, 2019

History 202, United States History from 1865 to the Present

The Building of a New Nation Following the Civil fight, the United States was a country that had experienced great loss and had gone to great lengths to either maintain or abolish slavery. As a nation, they were given the difficult lying-in of repairing the damaged country as a whole, but especially the south and its economy. Their job was to not only to restore the country, but to modernize it and make it stronger compared to separate nations. The task presented to the United States, its president, and its presidential term as a whole was one that probably seemed impossible, but it would only prove to be difficult, not so more impossible.The United States faced many challenges after the end of the Civil War. Few of which include the assassination of Lincoln, rebuilding the destroyed southern economy, the fed seasonl governments role in helping the 4 million throw in the toweld African the Statesns, how to treat the former alleges of the Confederacy, and conflict over which br anch of government should decide on how to rejuvenate the south. Reconstruction is the process of readmitting Confederate deposits to the marrow, rebuilding the south, and granting or protecting the citizenship rights of African the Statesns.Before Lincoln was assassinated, his plan for reconstruction was to make it simple for the south. He believed the southern states did not technically secede because no state could leave the Union, and also that secession was the fault of a disloyal minority in the reciprocal ohm. President Johnson clashed with re familiarans over reconstructing the Union and liberating African American slaves. With the disfranchisement of all former Confederate leaders, office holders, and Confederates with over $20,000 in taxable property, Johnson kept Lincolns plans world power to grant individual pardons to southerners.By the summer of 1865 all seven of the remaining Confederate states met Johnsons reconstruction requirements, but none of the constitution s extended voting rights to African Americans. By the fall of 1865 Johnson had granted 13,000 pardons to many former Confederate leaders. Many debates arose due to southern governments under presidential reconstruction limiting the rights of African Americans. Southern state legislatures passed black codes to limit the rights of African Americans, which prohibited blacks from testifying in court, renting land, or borrowing money to bargain land.Work contracts also forced freedmen to work cotton palm under conditions similar to slavery. Black codes combined with Johnsons reconstruction plan widened the rift between Johnson and Republicans in Congress. What resulted from this and the fact that Republicans were unhappy with Johnsons soft discussion of the south, was Congressional Reconstruction. Congressional Reconstruction was meant to be harsher on southern states and more protective of African American rights. In 1867, the south was under military rule, and each state had to writ e a new constitution fulfilling Congressional requirements and elect new state governments.The Freedmens Bureau was created by Congress in exhibit 1865. It was the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, and it acted as a type of early welfare agency providing food, shelter, and medical aid for blacks and whites in need after the Civil War. in the beginning it had the authority to resettle freedmen on confiscated Confederate land, but the resettlement power was removed when President Johnson pardoned Confederate land owners and the courts restored the lands to their original owners.The Freedmens Bureaus greatest success was in education. It established 3,000 schools for African Americans, established black colleges, and taught an estimated 200,000 African Americans to read. The Amnesty Act of 1872 removed restrictions on ex-confederates and allowed Democrats to retake dominance of state legislatures. By 1876 Congress had removed federal troops from all but three states South Carolina, Florida, and Louisiana, and Democrats returned to power in all southern states but those three.Republican governments in the south made many adjustments during reconstruction such as universal male suffrage, property rights for women, internal improvements, and state supported public school systems, hospitals, and asylums for the care of the handicapped. The end of Reconstruction meant the beginning of intense discrimination against African Americans in the south. The Gilded Age was a time of dramatic transformation in the nation, and African Americans were seen as an inferior race during the Gilded Age. The only active organization for the blacks was the NAACP founded by W. E. B.Du Bois and others in 1910. It wasnt until the 1950s that the civil rights movement started in earnest to shape the rights of the thirteenth, fourteenth, and fifteenth amendments to the U. S. Constitution passed shortly after the Civil War during Reconstruction that said blacks were free, made citizens, and given the right to vote. Some people would say that although American society was advancing after the Civil War, many problems were not resolved beneath the surface. Its true, the overall level of richness and power of the country was increase for example, but so was the level of poverty.not to mention the struggle to find legal rights to press the individual was often made difficult. Big companies and powerful writers and politicians were able to defend the American dream even while others were suffering, losing their rights, or being exploited in the workplace. The policy-making history of the Gilded Age is usually reduced to a narrative of corruption and scandal, and indeed there were plenty of both to go around at all levels of public life. This was the age where income inequality was an increasingly pressing emerge in the Unites States and around the world.The United States was experiencing a widespread of economic growth, due to the expansion of railroa ds, factories, and mines, which lead the nation in industrialization. Most big businesses supported the Republican Party and they favored monopolies, trusts, and the spoils system. Farmers created a movement called Populism, and supported increased money supply using silver. The population of post-Civil War America boomed with a new run of immigration. This made The U. S. the third most populous nation in the Western world after Russia and France.While farmers struggled and barely maintained their numbers, business and industry boomed with Americas increasing demand for goods and services. The Gilded Age saw the United States shift from an agricultural to an urban, industrial society, as millions of Americans flocked to cities in the postCivil War era. eventide though there was much corruption people were supposed to believe that with enough willpower and determination, anyone could be a success, even become wealthy, if they just tried and true to fit in. However, this was not re ally possible.It is crazy how someone could believe that they could become successful just by trying to fit in, yet everyone was expected to buy the story of the golden American dream anyway. Concern with gold was certainly heightened by U. S. money being minted in scarce gold coins. In addition, gilding, in the sense of gold plating, is often done to make objects beautiful that must also be strong and durable, because gold itself is a soft metal. This might hypothesise an American sentiment of that era that their efforts toward culture and refinement were just a veneer over a strong but coarse base.In the 1800s America was a second-rate power. Most Americans who looked overseas were interested in expanded trade, not territorial possessions. In 1893, the depression that heightened the belief that a more aggressive immaterial policy was necessary to stimulate American exports began. At the time, Cuba had been fighting for independence since 1868, and the United States intervened an d went to war with Spain to gain Cubas liberty and freedom. This resulted in The Splendid petite War. The most highly publicized land battle of the war took place at San Juan Hill, outside Cuba.This is where Teddy Roosevelt charged up the hill with his fleet cognise as the Rough Riders, only to find a black regiment had already preceded them. In the treaty with Spain ending the war, the United States acquired the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and the Pacific island of Guam. Americas interest in its new possessions had more to do with trade than gaining wealth from natural resources or large-scale American settlement. Many believed that American participation in the destruction of Spanish rule would lead to social reform and political self-government.The American rule of more territory also brought with it American racial attitudes. Americas triumphant entry into the ranks of imperial powers sparked an intense debate over the relationship among political democracy, race, and American c itizenship. The Foraker Act of 1900 declared Puerto Rico an insular territory, diverse from previous territories in the West. Americans spread racial views to new colonial possessions and embraced the idea of the white mans burden paternalism while other nations influenced by U. S. attitudes and policies The be of the Spanish American War was 6. billion, but the growing economy gained also, a permanent lease on naval stations in Cuba, including what is now Guantanamo Bay. Americas interest in its new possessions had more to do with trade than from gaining wealth from natural resources or large scale American settlement. The Philippine War cost the lives of well more than 100,000 Filipinos and 4,200 Americans. The aftermath allowed for the expansion of railroads, harbors, brought in school teachers, public health officials, and sought to modernize agriculture. The Progressive eon in American history was a time of great change and reform in the United States.It was marked by a seri es of political and social reforms aimed at problems that arose as a consequence of urban growth and the Industrial Revolution. Activism, new federal laws, and a series of constitutional amendments marked this era of change. There were many problems during the Progressive Era. They included poverty and unsanitary slums in American cities, poor working conditions including child outwear in factories, corporate trusts that eliminated arguing and raised prices with impunity, discrimination against women and ethnic minorities, and corruption in the so-called urban political machines.During the Progressive Era, women and African-Americans were effectively barred from political participation. In addition, African-Americans in the South were subjected to mandatory segregation and Jim Crow laws. Susan B. Anthony led the movement for womens suffrage, which resulted in the 1920 ratification of the nineteenth Amendment to the U. S. Constitution, which extended voting rights to women. Labor u nions grew in opposition to unfair labor practices and dangerous working conditions in American factories. Journalists began writing stories about unsanitary meat packing facilities.In result, The Jungle, an expose of Americas meat-packing factories written by Upton Sinclair, intended to generate public sympathy for Americas working class instead, the attention focused on the safety of meat. Congress later passed food-and-drug safety legislation. In addition to the various reform laws passed by Congress during the Progressive Era, this period of history saw the ratification of four constitutional amendments the sixteenth, the seventeenth, the eighteenth, and the nineteenth. The sixteenth authorized a graduated income tax to fund government operations, and the seventeenth provided for direct election of Senators.The eighteenth amendment banned the sale and importation of alcohol, and the nineteenth amendment extended voting rights to women. The eighteenth amendment failed because pro hibition fueled the rise of organise crime and had little public support as time passed. It was repealed in 1933. The Progressive Era included other reforms as well. The U. S. government exercised greater control over the banking system through the creation of the Federal Reserve System. After multiple wars, conflicts, and controversies, the United States is well on its way to becoming and advanced and change new world.The Progressive Movement was an effort to cure many of the ills of American society that had developed during the great spurt of industrial growth in the ending quarter of the nineteenth century. Although not all individuals were equal, it is still not even that way today, but what mattered was that there were improvements being made. African Americans were no longer enslaved, and were free to start their own business, open their own schools and churches, and educate themselves something that would have been unheard of just forty years ago.The nation had also grown tremendously in the aspect of modernization and industrialization. New factories were popping up along with coal mines, and railroads were being built all across the country to transport goods and create subject area brands. A downfall to this was that the rich were becoming richer, and the poor were becoming poorer. The nation was also making itself stronger by acquiring more territory such as, Guam, Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico. Not to mention gaining permanent naval stations in Cuba. As a whole, the United States grew quickly and prospered tremendously, regardless of their rocky start.

Thursday, May 23, 2019

Nike vs Adidas Essay

My area of study for this project would be more on comparing the processs for Nike and Adidas for the prehistorical 5 grades. In this project I would explain the performance such as growth in profits, revenues, market take, the company employers and employees, size of it of the market share, steps for increasing the genial performance, products performance, dividends per share, assets and the company investment. Nike and Adidas and throw been the top devil leading variant companies in the maneuver industry over the past few decades.These two companies sell and offer wide range of products for the customers and their products offered is mainly on sports wear for men and women and caters to consumers from different age groups. Their products consist on clothe such as jerseys, shirts, t-shirts, shorts and pants. These companies in like manner provide the customers varieties of footwear such as sports shoes, casual shoes, boots, sandals and stockings. Besides that, fashion a ccessories are also offered from these trey companies such as bags, watch, bracelets, wallets and purse.And lastly they also offer a wide range of sport gears for their customers. Nike and Adidas have also been the top sponsors in the sport industry. Sponsoring their products is important for the companies to draw off brand recognition, building their brand image and to promote their latest products. Nike and Adidas have been sponsoring equipments, clothing and accessories for athletes and coaches in sport tournaments and events. For instance, these three companies sponsor their products for football, soccer, basketball, baseball and many more. These companies also include slogan and motto for their company.Nikes motto is Just Do It which is the signature of the brand which makes their products and the company recognizable to consumers. As for Adidas, their current motto is unsurmountable is Nothing which serves as an encouragement to athletes for their sports. Origins and Histor y of Nike and Adidas Nike, originally known as Blue Ribbon Sports was founded by University of Oregeon track athlete Philip Knight and his coach throwaway Bowerman in January 1964. The company initially operated as a distributor for Japanese shoe maker Onitsuka Tiger, making most sales at track meets bring out of Knights automobile.The companys profits grew quickly, and in 1966, Blue Ribbon Sports opened its first retail store, located on Pico Boulevard in Santa Monica, California. By 1971, the relationship between Blue Ribbon Sports and Onitsuka Tiger was nearing an end. BRS prepared to launch its own line of footwear, which would bear the newly designed Swoosh by Carolyn Davidson. The Swoosh was first used by Nike in June 1971, and was registered with the U. S. Patent and Trademark Office on January 22, 1974. Adidas was founded in 1948 by Adolf Adi Dassler, quest the split of Gebruder Dassler Schuhfabrik between him and his former(a) br different, Rudolf.Rudolf would later est ablish Puma, which was the early rival of Adidas. Registered in 1949, Adidas is currently based in Herzogenaurach, Germany. The companys clothing and shoe designs typically feature three parallel bars, and the same motif is incorporated into Adidass current official logo. The Three Stripes were bought from the Finnish sport company Karhu Sports in the 1950s. Objective The objective lens of the project is to measure and compare the marketing strategies of the top two sport fashion companies which are Nike and Adidas.So this project would be mainly conducted to resolute the similarities and differences of the two sport companies marketing strategies. Besides that, this project will compare on the performance of Nike and Adidas which include the companys growth in revenues, profits or pelf income, dividends per share, size of company in the market, performances of employees, steps for increasing the societal responsibility performance, products performance, stock performance and the company performances in investment. Problem StatementFirstly, the sport industry is becoming ever more competitive, with new brands competing for a share of consumers for the products in the market. Building a relationship with customers is a challenge facing for Nike and Adidas. This is because the companies bespeak to be followed up with new trends and styles in the industry for their customers in order for them to build their products brand and image. Secondly, there was a case happened in China where a local Chinese domestic sports goods manufacturer company called Li Ning opened 6917 stores in mainland China by December 31,2008 aking it 1241 more than the division of 2007.During the course of study 2008, Li Ning has published its financial report which states that due to the Beijing Olympic Games, the company made original revenues of CNY 669(million) a course on- social class-increase of 53. 8% compared to the year 2007. Not plainly that, Li Ning made an overall entry i nto the market of Southeast Asia. Now they have stores in Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia and other Southeast Asia countries. This became a problem for Nike and Adidas where the two internationalistic giants see recession in their performance in China.According to the financial report of Adidas, the companys net profit decreased by 95% to 130 million in the first half of the year. As for the sales revenue, it decreased by 2% to 5. 03 billion. As for Nike numbers of distributors were reduced in the year 2008 due with the bad performance. Thirdly, the problem that attracted me to do this project is because I would like to know why Nike had low growth in revenue in the year of 2009. Nike had only increased 3% of its revenue to $ 19176. (million), with net income falling 21% to $ 1486. 7(million). As for Adidas, they also had the same problem. But the problem for Adidas was worst compared to Nike because at the year of 2009, the company net income is 10381(million) which decreased co mpared to the year 2008 which is 10799(million). These two companies had their difficulties is the year of 2009. So I would eager to find out about the problems they faced during that year. Signifi set upce of conThe importance of doing this project would be very important to other parties and companies. In this case, small and mean(a) enterprise (SME) would get the advantages and benefits because they would know how the bigger companies such as Nike and Adidas operates their businesses, how they sell their products and services to their customers, what kind of marketing strategies they use, how the companies measure their performances and the most important reason is how Nike and Adidas continues to become a big market player in the sports industry.As part of that, this project will comprise mainly of small to medium-sized companies to engage in a diversity of activities which includes manufacturing of sport goods, sport tourism, media, and construction of venues. For example, s mall and medium enterprise (SME) in Malaysia can take the opportunity to get involved with sport products, services, sponsorships, hosting up international sport tournaments and events.And not to forget, the involvement of (SME) would also helps our demesne in the tourism sector because many athletes and participants will get to travel and visit our country and this will relatively build the countries economic performances. Corporate social responsibilities (CSR) also play a fictitious character for every sport companies in responsibility to act in a way that positively contributes to their stakeholders and the communities in which they exist.In this case, it is increasingly important for the social and economic issues such as rapid technological change, a diverse and aging population, environmental changes and mounting concerns regarding the countrys growing social divide have resulted in focusing on the responsibility of firms to the communities in which they operate. (Margolis & Walsh 2003 Sagawa & Segal 2000) Justification The reason I chose this topic is because the project is evoke as sports is an important part of todays society and plays a large role in many peoples lives.From a social standpoint, sport plays a positive role in uniting people from different social backgrounds. This can aid peoples understanding and permissiveness of each other. As far as education is concerned, sport is an important part of every childs schooling, as it plays a big role in both their physical and mental development. It teaches children how to work as a part of a team and cooperate with others, while at the same magazine improving physical condition. The second reason I chose sports industry because this industry is growing rapidly in Malaysia.There are continuous demands from customers, sports athletes, and models for these sport products. The Malayan sport industry is considered as a young industry comprising of small and medium-sized businesses. The Malaysian sp orts industry comprises of companies engaging in a diversity of activities, from the manufacturing of sport goods, sport tourism, media, to the construction of sport facilities. The third why I chose these two companies is because Nike and Adidas has been the biggest market share player in the sports industry.Nike controls 31% of athletic sportswear which is the highest market share compared to other sport companies in the year 2007. As for Adidas, they control the second highest share of athletic sportswear which is 16% of the market in 2007. As for other companies Puma controls 7%, Reebok 6%, New Balance 6%, and Converse 4%. Expected Outcomes The expected outcome which I can conclude is Nike would have the better performance for this year 2010 because their net income/profit for the past few years have been stable. Ever since the year of 2006, Nikes net income/profit stands at $ 1392. (million).As for the year 2007, it increased to $ 1491. 5(million). At the year 2008, Nikes net i ncome/profit increased with huge and outstanding amount of $ 1883. 4(million). But by the year of 2009, their company had a decreased in their net income/profit which is $ 1486. 7(million). As for Adidas, the company would not have a better performance compared to Nike because in the year 2009, their net income was only 245(million). Their net income decreased with a huge margin compared to the year 2008 which is 642(million). So the key impact from the financial statement of year 2009.The net income of Adidas reduced more than 60% in 2009. But Nike was capable of stabilizing the results with a minor reduction of only 20% in 2009. As for the performance of dividend development, Nike has shown increases in its number. For the year 2006, Nikes dividends declared per common share stands at $ 0. 59. Their company dividend increased to $ 0. 98 in the year 2009. But as for Adidas, they showed a decline from the year 2006 to 2009. In the year 2006, Adidas dividends declared per common sh are stands at 0. 42. While in the year 2009, Adidas dividends declared per common share matt-up to 0. 5.As for the expected outcome for the year 2010, Nike would be expected to increase their dividends successfully because their dividend declared per common share has been rising steadily. As for the companys asset assessment, I can expect that Nike would do better in the assets performance in the year 2010 because their total assets have been increasing from the year 2006-2009. The total of assets that Nike had in the year 2006 was $ 9,869(million), in the year of 2007, Nikes assets increased to $ 10,688. 3(million). Last year, Nike had a total of assets of $ 13,250(million).This shows that Nikes assets have been increasing and it is expected to rise in the year 2010. As for Adidas, their companys total asset is not stable from the year shown in 2006-2009. In 2006, Adidas totals assets stands at 8379(million). It decreased on the following year to 8325(million). As for the year 2 008, their total assets were increased to 9533(million). As for 2009, their total assets decreased to a total of 8875(million). Ever since Adidas total of assets is not stable, I can expect that Nike would do better in the assets performance.Referenceshttp//condor.depaul.edu/aalmaney/StrategicAnalysisofNike.htmhttp//www.lotsofessays.com/viewpaper/1693768.htmlhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nike,_Inchttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adidashttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reebok